: . An . Attack-Agnostic Approach for . Preventing Drive-By Malware . Infections. Long . Lu. 1. , . Vinod. Yegneswaran. 2. , Phillip Porras. 2. , . Wenke. Lee. 1. 1. . Georgia Tech. 2. . SRI International. ID: 161962
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BLADE: An Attack-Agnostic Approach for Preventing Drive-By Malware Infections
Long Lu1, Vinod Yegneswaran2, Phillip Porras2, Wenke Lee11 Georgia Tech2 SRI InternationalOct. 6th, 2010
17th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security
Slide2Malware Propagation Facts
One common path: the InternetTwo fundamental approaches:Drive-by download Vs. Social engineeringDrive-by Downloadmost favored by today’s attackersCounts for more than 60% malware infections [ISC09, Dasiant10, Google10]
17th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security
2
WWW
Slide3Drive-by Download
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Definition: Drive-by Download - An attack in which the mere connection to a website results in the installation of a binary executable without the web-user’s authorization.A click-then-infect schemeExploiting client-side vulnerabilities
Slide4Regular browsing & downloading
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Browser automatically saves and renders
supported
file types
(*.html, *.
js
, *.jpeg, etc.)
Slide5Regular browsing & downloading
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Browser asks for user consent before saving
unsupported
file types
(*.exe, *.zip, *.dll, etc.)
Content-Type:
application/octet-stream;
Slide6Drive-by download attack
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Essential steps:
Exploit
Download
Execute
No user consent required!
Slide7Observations
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Browsers handle supported content automaticallyunsupported content based on user’s permissions
Golden Rule:
Browsers should never automatically download and execute binary files without user consent
.
All
drive-by downloads inevitably break this rule.
No
drive-by download will succeed if this rule
holds.
Slide8BLADE Approach
Goal: to eliminate drive-by malware infections Approach: unconsented execution preventionExploit and vulnerability agnostic Browser independent
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Essential steps:
Exploit
Download
Execute
Slide9BLADE Design
Assumptions
Browsers may be fully compromised;OS is trusted;H/W is trusted.
Design choices
BLADE is designed as a kernel driver;User intents are inferred from H/W and window events ;Consented download is correlated and verified;Unconsented download are contained in “SecureZone”.
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9
Slide10BLADE
HW
Evt
Tracer
Screen
Parser
Correlator
I/O
Redirector
Supervisor
BLADE Architecture
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10
File
System
Secure
Zone
Input Device
Driver
User
interaction
Windowing
Screen
I/O
Transport
Driver
Net
I/O
File
I/O
FileSys
View
Slide11How it works – regular download
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FileSys
View
File
System
Secure
Zone
Screen Parser
Locate consent button(s)
Parse correlation information
H/W
Evt
. Tracer
Monitor mouse and keyboard input
I/O Redirector
Redirect disk writes from browsers
Correlator
Discover candidate and verify
its origin
Map it to the regular file system
Slide12How it works – drive-by download
17th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security
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I/O Redirector
Redirect disk writes from browsers
FileSys
View
Secure
Zone
I/O Redirector
Alert when executio
n is attempted
Slide13Implementations
Screen ReaderMonitors certain windowing eventsParses internal composition of consent dialogues
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Slide14Implementations
H/W Event TracerResides above device driversListens to IRPs
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OS I/O
Mgr.
Input
Driver
H/W
Evt
.
Tracer
Slide15Implementations
I/O RedirectorBuilt as a file system mini-filterRedirects file accessesProvides a merged viewCorrelatorUses transport driver interfaceRecords streams coming from download sourcesContent-base correlation and verification
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Slide16Empirical Evaluation
An automated test bedHarvest new real-world malicious URLs dailyVMs with various software configurations
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Slide17Empirical Evaluation
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Slide18Using 19 specifically hand-crafted exploitsCovering all common exploiting techniquesTargeting at diverse vulnerabilities (11 zero-days)BLADE prevented all 19 infection attempts
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Attack Coverage Evaluation
Slide19Security analysis
Potential ways to evade/attack BLADE
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Slide20Benign Website Evaluation
Normal file downloadsNormal site-browsing
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Slide21Performance Evaluation
Per-component testEnd-to-end testWorst case overhead – 3%Negligible on average
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Slide22Limitations
Social engineering attacksIn-memory execution of shellcodeOnly effective against binary executables
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Slide23Q&A
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www.blade-defender.org
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