PPT-Coral oxygen isotope reconstruction of sea surface salinity

in the southern Makassar Strait since 1938 CE and its influence on the Indonesian Throughflow Braddock K Linsley LamontDoherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University Palisades NY USA . Misha. Kazhdan. Outline. Introduction. Preliminaries. A sampling of methods. Why is reconstruction hard?. Motivation. 3D Scanners are ubiquitous (and cheap). [Images courtesy of . Rusinkiewicz. , . Strecha. isotopologues. . Guillaume Leduc . (CEREGE, France). Julian Sachs . (. University. of Washington, USA). Orest. . Kawka. . (. University. of Washington, USA. ). Ralph Schneider . (. University. of . Maximum as . Observed by . Aquarius. Frederick . Bingham (1. ), Julius Busecke, Arnold Gordon, Claudia Giulivi (2) and Zhijin Li (3). . (. 1) Center for Marine Science,. . University of North Carolina Wilmington, . Update on SPURS-2 (‘Fresh SPURS’) and SPURS-1 synthesis. Update from Dr. Eric Lindstrom. SPURS main question: What . is controlling the upper ocean . salinity?. Will . be addressed with interagency and international collaboration using measurements from satellites, ships, drifters, floats, gliders, AUVs and modeling.. The salty sea. Sources of Sea Salt. Chemical weathering of rock. .. Outgassing from volcanoes. Salinity. Measure of salt in water. Units of salinity is parts per thousand (0/00).. Examples of Ocean Salinity. Allison Gregg. 3/5/11. Background on Coral-Algal Interactions. Coral reefs filled with great diversity of organisms. Corals around the world are succumbing to environmental stressors. How is algae playing a part?. The solubility and saturation value for gases in seawater increase as temperature and salinity decrease and as pressure increases.. 1. . Solubility. is the ability of something to be dissolved and go into solution.. Oceans and Temperature. Ocean surface temperature strongly correlates with latitude because . insolation. , the amount of sunlight striking Earth’s surface, is directly related to latitude.. 1. Ocean currents carry warm water . Frederick Bingham. UNC Wilmington. Collaborators: Julius . Busecke. ,. Arnold Gordon and Claudia . Giulivi. (LDEO), . Zhijin. Li (JPL). Also thanks to J. . D’Addezio. !. Work funded by NASA. Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans doi:10.1002/2014JC009825. By Karen A. Bishop. San Antonio Bay. Resource management. Ecosystem processes. Freshwater Inundation Events. Cause changes in:. Salinity. Nutrients. Organisms. Ecosystem structure. http://www.bigislandchronicle.com/?tag=the-kohala-center. we compare measured . salinity across . metric distributions. . In . addition to traditional comparisons . between mean or median . values, the . 1%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90% and 99% . quantiles of . the statistical . Climate is influenced by a variety of processes, including geologic processes. Volcanism. Sea-floor spreading. Configuration of landmasses due to plate tectonics. Climate changes impact geologic processes. Freshwater : streams, rivers, lakes and wetlands. Marine: estuaries, intertidal zones, coral reefs and open oceans. Rivers & Streams. Originate from underground springs or as runoff from rain or melting snow.. E. Hackert, S. Akella, R. Kovach, K. Nakada, A. Borovikov, A. Molod, K. Drushka, and M. Jacob. Problem. : Satellite observes the top centimeter of the ocean. In rainy conditions, the vertical salinity gradient between SSS and first model layer (i.e., where these data are assimilated - S.