What do we use in order to determine evolutionary relationships Fossil Record Anatomical Evidence Molecular Evidence Embryological Evidence Evidence for Evolution Fossil Record Evidence for Evolution ID: 646564
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Slide1
Evolution reviewSlide2
Evidence for Evolution
What do we use in order to determine evolutionary relationships?
Fossil Record
Anatomical Evidence
Molecular Evidence
Embryological EvidenceSlide3
Evidence for Evolution
Fossil RecordSlide4
Evidence for Evolution
Anatomical Evidence
Homologous Structures
– Same anatomy, different function
Conclude close evolutionary relationshipsSlide5
Evidence for Evolution
Anatomical Evidence
Analogous Structures
– Different anatomy, same function
Not closely related, do NOT share a recent common ancestorSlide6
Evidence for Evolution
Anatomical Evidence
Vestigial Structures
– No longer serve a purpose
All us to draw conclusions regarding the pastSlide7
Evidence for Evolution
Molecular Evidence
The more similar the molecules (DNA, protein,
etc
), the closer the relationship.Slide8
Evidence for Evolution
Embryological Evidence
The more similar the embryo in early development, the closer the relationship.Slide9
Let’s Review!
Directional Selection
Selection towards a
single direction
Disruptive Selection
Selection
against the mean
(middle)
Selection towards extremes
Stabilizing Selection
Selection
towards the mean
(middle)
Selection against extremeSlide10
Do you get it?Slide11
Evolution Scenarios
A. Directional Selection B. Disruptive Selection C. Stabilizing SelectionSlide12
Evolution ScenariosSlide13
Evolution Scenarios
A. Directional Selection B. Disruptive Selection C. Stabilizing SelectionSlide14
Evolution ScenariosSlide15
Evolution Scenarios
A. Directional Selection B. Disruptive Selection C. Stabilizing SelectionSlide16
Evolution ScenariosSlide17
That brings us to speciation…
Speciation:
the creation of a new species as a result of evolution.
How do you know when you have a new species?
They can no longer reproduce!
Rate of Speciation Theories
Gradualism
Evolution occurs slowly and gradually, with very small changes accumulating over a long period of time until a new species develops.
Punctuated Equilibrium
Evolution occurs in short, rapid bursts of change followed by long period of no change.Slide18
Do you get it?
A. Gradualism
B. Punctuated EquilibriumSlide19
Do you get it?
A. Gradualism
B. Punctuated EquilibriumSlide20
Let’s Switch Gears…Patterns of Evolution
Divergent Evolution
Related species becoming more and more different due to living in different types of environments
Convergent
Evolution
Unrelated species becoming similar due to living in similar types of environments
Coevolution
The simultaneous evolution of two species due to their close interaction/relationshipSlide21
Patterns of Evolution Scenarios
In tropical regions bats visiting flowers to eat nectar. The fur on the bat's face and neck picks up pollen, which the bat transfers to the next flower it visits. Bats that feed at flowers have a slender muzzle and a long tongue with a brushed tip. These adaptations aid the bat in feeding. Flowers that have coevolved with bats are light in color. Therefore, bats, which are active at night, can easily locate them. The flowers also have a fruity odor attractive to bats.
A. Convergent Evolution
B. Divergent Evolution
C. CoevolutionSlide22
Patterns of Evolution Scenarios
Adaptive Radiation of marsupials in Australia
A. Convergent Evolution
B. Divergent Evolution
C. CoevolutionSlide23
Patterns of Evolution Scenarios
This picture shows four different animals from around the globe. They may look similar, but it’s not because they are close relatives. Instead, they’ve evolved similar adaptions because they occupy similar niches – dining on ants, hunting in the high grass or swimming in the dark – although their evolutionary origins are quite different.
A. Convergent Evolution
B. Divergent Evolution C. Coevolution