Tovi Grossman Daniel Wigdor Ravin Balakrishnan Volumetric Displays Volumetric Displays 360 Viewing Reading Text Our Goals How do rotations affect reading Can the effects be mitigated Can orientation be optimized ID: 266156
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Slide1
Exploring and Reducing the Effects of Orientation on Text Readability in Volumetric Displays
Tovi Grossman
Daniel Wigdor
Ravin BalakrishnanSlide2
Volumetric DisplaysSlide3
Volumetric DisplaysSlide4
360° ViewingSlide5
Reading TextSlide6
Our Goals
How do rotations affect reading?
Can the effects be mitigated?
Can orientation be optimized?Slide7
Related Work
Chen et al. VR 2004.
Larson et al. CHI 2000.
Wigdor & Balakrishnan. ECSCW 05.
Bell et al. UIST 2001.Slide8
Related Work
Balakrishnan, Fitzmaurice, and Kurtenbach. CHI 2000.Slide9
Some ExamplesSlide10
Some Examples
inputSlide11
Some Examples
input
inputSlide12
Some Examples
arenaSlide13
Some Examples
arena
arenaSlide14
Some Examples
paperSlide15
Some Examples
paper
paperSlide16
Some Examples
quotaSlide17
Some Examples
quota
quotaSlide18
Some Examples
boundSlide19
Some Examples
bound
boundSlide20
Resolving Ambiguity
Ambiguity at word and character levelSlide21
Resolving Ambiguity
Ambiguity at word and character level
Disambiguate word (underline)Slide22
Resolving Ambiguity
Ambiguity at word and character level
Disambiguate word (underline)
Disambiguate characters (uppercase)Slide23
Experiment 1: Effect of Rotation
Tested pitch, yaw, disambiguationSlide24
Experiment 1: Design
12 Participants
4 Disambiguation techniques
None, underline, uppercase, both2 Rotation TypesPitch, yaw24 angles
-180 <=
θ
< 180
15 degree incrementsSlide25
Experiment 1: ResultsSlide26
Experiment 1: ResultsSlide27
Orientation Optimization
Optimize orientation for multiple readersSlide28
Orientation Optimization
Optimize orientation for multiple readers
Based on user viewpoints
Minimize average reading timesSlide29
Reading Time Estimates
Pitch(
θ
)Slide30
Reading Time Estimates
Pitch(
θ
)Yaw (θ)Slide31
Reading Time Estimates
Pitch(
θ
)Yaw (θ)Roll (θ)
Wigdor & Balakrishnan. ECSCW 05.Slide32
Reading Time Estimates
Interested in V
k
–Tk divergencek = {x, y, z}Slide33
Reading Time Estimates
For V
x
–Txθ = angle(Vx, Tx)L1
= |proj
V
y
T
x
| (yaw)
L
2
= |proj
V
z
T
x
|
(roll)Slide34
Reading Time Estimates
For V
x
–Txθ = angle(Vx, Tx)L1
= |proj
V
y
T
x
| (yaw)
L
2
= |proj
V
z
T
x
|
(roll)Slide35
Reading Time Estimates
For V
x
–Txθ = angle(Vx, Tx)L
1
= |proj
V
y
T
x
| (yaw)
L
2
= |proj
V
z
T
x
| (roll)Slide36
Optimization Orientation
Start with within world projection
Search pitch, yaw, roll combinations
Parameter1: Maximum divergenceParameter2: Search increment
Use minimum estimate across all users Slide37
Experiment 2: Group Reading
3 users read labels on a cubeSlide38
Experiment 2: Design
4 Groups of 3
2 Text layouts
Naïve, optimized4 Cube Orientations6 FacesSlide39
Experiment 2: Results
Individual reading times
Naïve layout: 2.13s
Optimized layout: 1.42sSlide40
Experiment 2: Results
Group reading timesSlide41
Experiment 2: ResultsSlide42
Summary
Understand effects of 3D orientations
Disambiguation techniques
Data used for orientation optimizationReduced reading time 33%Collaboration on Volumetric Display Slide43
Future Work
Optimize weighted average
Combine with spatial layout
Alternative text presentationsFaster algorithmSlide44
Acknowledgements
Members of the DGP Lab
John Hancock
Anand AgarawalaJack Wang Noah LockwoodStudy participantsSlide45
QuestionsSlide46
Volumetric DisplaysSlide47
Display Specifications
Perspecta Spatial 3D System
10" spherical image
198 2D slices, 768x768 each
24Hz refresh rate
3-bit color Slide48Slide49