Team Embraer Natalie Fowler Venda Yuniarti Surapan Laosettanun Rikiya Toyofuku Deepa Jakkamsetti Poverty Health Education Unemployment ViolenceCrime Poverty Favela da Rocinha in Rio de Janeiro ID: 370640
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Slide1
Social Issues in Brazil
Team EmbraerNatalie FowlerVenda Yuniarti Surapan Laosettanun Rikiya ToyofukuDeepa JakkamsettiSlide2
Poverty
HealthEducationUnemploymentViolence/CrimeSlide3
Poverty
Favela da Rocinha in Rio de JaneiroSlide4
Top 10% earn 50% of
the national income8% living below the poverty lineFavelas – slums in city areas where poor people liveGrew in 1970’s when people moved from rural areas to the citiesOvercrowding, unsanitary conditions, poor nutrition, pollution, disease, drug use, gangs – drug traffickingIncome DisparitySlide5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient
2009: GI 53.9Slide6
Government Creates Positive Changes
Since 2003, more than 20 million Brazilians have been brought out of povertyCurrently, approx. 16 million people live in extreme povertyGovernment Programs:Fome Zero (Zero Hunger) plan started in 2003: goal to eliminate hunger and extreme povertyBolsa Família (Family Allowance) program in 2003: Gives monthly stipend ($12 per child) to families as long as children attend school and receive vaccinations. 12 million families participateBrasil sem Miséria (Brazil without Misery) in 2011: expand Bolsa Familia programhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/006/j0083e/j0083e05.htmSlide7
Brasil sem Miséria
(Brazil without Misery)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IU40xWflC7cSlide8
HealthSlide9
Health – Current Situation
Healthcare system reform in 1989 provides free services to all Brazilian citizensSeveral reforms have occurred later to improve health of Brazilians Slide10
Health - Challenges
Brazil Health Care System ‘s inefficientinsufficient budget (Huge population)poor budget spending managementPublic health care can support only 50% of population25% of population use private-health insurancePoor people in rural area (about 25% of population) who cannot afford private health insurance have to bear with over-crowded hospital Slide11
Health – Quick Facts
Health expenditures: 9 % of GDP (rank 44th/196 countries)Government spending 3% of GDPPhysicians density: 17.2 physicians/10,000 population (rank 75th /196 countries)Hospital bed density: 24 beds/10,000 population (rank 91st /196 countries)over 6,800 hospitals, 41 % public34 % private25 % Non-profit organization ownedSlide12
EducationSlide13
Education
Many children don’t attend school because their parent can’t afford the education cost or they have to work to support their families. Education level is considered low compared with developed countriesSlide14
Efforts to improve Education
Efforts to improve education systems: 2001: Bolsa Escola provided income subsidies to those parents who sent their children to school and got them essential medical checkups (Limited to 7-14 years children); 2004: Bolsa Família added stipends for children aged between 15 and 17, which encouraged higher enrolment and attendance in high schools, where attendance is lowest;2006: all teachers should have a university qualification and made both pre-service and in-service teacher training freeFree education for every child from 7 to 15 years of age, establishing 8 years of mandatory education
Government fixed
the minimum to be spent on education as 25% of state and municipal revenues and 18% at the federal level
Source
: http://
www.pearsonfoundation.org
/
oecd
/downloads/
Brazil_strong_performers_US.pdfSlide15
Showing Improvement
Based on data published by Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)Slide16
UnemploymentSlide17
Unemployment
Unemployment rate (%)“Seasonal effect”(IBGE)Unemployment in Sao Paolo metropolitan area reached 20 %
Source:
Indexmundi
(
http
://
www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=74&c=br&l=en
)
Economy Watch,
Brazil Unemployment
http
://
www.economywatch.com/unemployment/countries/brazil.html
Brazileconomy
http://
brazileconomy.over-blog.es/pages/unemployment-rate-4776306.html
Mercopress
http
://en.mercopress.com/2010/10/22/brazil-set-to-grow-7.5-this-year-and-5.9-in-2011-inflation-5.1-and-5
Lowest since 2002 !
6
%
13%Slide18
Unemployment
Unemployment rate (%)Source: Indexmundi (http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=74&c=br&l=en)Economy Watch, Brazil Unemployment http://www.economywatch.com/unemployment/countries/brazil.htmlWhy decline?Service sector growth
(which 65% of Brazilian work for)Slide19
Unemployment rate (%) : other countries
UnemploymentSource: Indexmundi (http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=74&c=br&l=en)Slide20
Crime
Law enforcement institutionsSlide21
Simpsons no BrasilSlide22
Countries by Homicide rates
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_homicide_rate
US – 4.8; Brazil – 25
Brazil – World Rank 12
th
Top 20Slide23
Brazil - Homicide rate trend
Source: http
://www.sangari.com/mapadaviolencia/pdf2012/mapa2012_web.pdfSlide24
Efforts to Combat Crime
NPSF – National Public Security Force
BOPE -
Batalhão
de Operações Policiais Especiais
, or
Special Police Operations
Battalion
Robocop facial profiling!Slide25
Thank you!
Any Questions?Slide26
AppendixSlide27
Health – Current SituationSlide28
Health – Travel Concerns
Food- and water-borne diseases: Hepatitis A, Diarrhea, and Typhoid fever Unsanitary food handling procedures and contaminated water.Insect-borne diseases:Dengue fever and Leishmaniasis Insect protection measures are essential