The reason that two sperm nuclei travel down the pollen tube is that they both stimulate growth of the pollen tube one fertilizes the egg and the other combines with the two polar nuclei one fertilizes the egg ID: 709053
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Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed PlantsSlide2
The reason that two sperm nuclei travel down the pollen tube is that
they both stimulate growth of the pollen tube.
one fertilizes the egg, and the other
combines with the two polar nuclei.one fertilizes the egg, and the other fertilizes the synergid.one is for fertilizing the egg, and one directs the pollen tube toward the micropyle.if one fails in fertilization, there is a backup nucleus.Slide3
The reason that two sperm nuclei travel down the pollen tube is that
they both stimulate growth of the pollen tube.
one fertilizes the egg, and the other
combines with the two polar nuclei.one fertilizes the egg, and the other fertilizes the synergid.one is for fertilizing the egg, and one directs the pollen tube toward the micropyle.if one fails in fertilization, there is a backup nucleus.Slide4
Adaptations that have contributed to the success of plants in terrestrial environments include seeds, vascular tissue, cuticle, and flowers. There are other significant adaptations as well. Which of the following correctly lists the adaptations in the order in which they appeared in the fossil record?
seeds, vascular tissue, flowers, cuticle
cuticle, seeds, flowers, vascular tissue
cuticle, vascular tissue, seeds, flowersvascular tissue, cuticle, seeds, flowersSlide5
Adaptations that have contributed to the success of plants in terrestrial environments include seeds, vascular tissue, cuticle, and flowers. There are other significant adaptations as well. Which of the following correctly lists the adaptations in the order in which they appeared in the fossil record?
seeds, vascular tissue, flowers, cuticle
cuticle, seeds, flowers, vascular tissue
cuticle, vascular tissue, seeds, flowersvascular tissue, cuticle, seeds, flowersSlide6
These four adaptations (cuticle, vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers) are key characters that define four major modern plant groups. Complete the following table using the key provided.
a)
ferns (and relatives) b) bryophytes (mosses)
c) flowering plants d) gymnospermsSlide7
These four adaptations (cuticle, vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers) are key characters that define four major modern plant groups. Complete the following table using the key provided.
a) ferns (and relatives)
b) bryophytes (mosses)
c) flowering plants d) gymnospermsSlide8
These four adaptations (cuticle, vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers) are key characters that define four major modern plant groups. Complete the following table using the key provided.
a) ferns (and relatives) b) bryophytes (mosses)
c) flowering plants d) gymnospermsSlide9
These four adaptations (cuticle, vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers) are key characters that define four major modern plant groups. Complete the following table using the key provided.
a) ferns (and relatives) b) bryophytes (mosses)
c) flowering plants
d) gymnospermsSlide10
The reason that two sperm nuclei travel down the pollen tube is that
they both stimulate growth of the pollen tube.
one fertilizes the egg, and the other combines with the two polar nuclei.
one fertilizes the egg, and the other fertilizes the synergid.one is for fertilizing the egg, and one directs the pollen tube toward the micropyle.if one fails in fertilization, there is a backup nucleus.Slide11
The reason that two sperm nuclei travel down the pollen tube is that
they both stimulate growth of the pollen tube.
one fertilizes the egg, and the other combines with the two polar nuclei.
one fertilizes the egg, and the other fertilizes the synergid.one is for fertilizing the egg, and one directs the pollen tube toward the micropyle.if one fails in fertilization, there is a backup nucleus.Slide12
In dicotyledon seed germination, usually the first organ to emerge from the seed is the
shoot tip, as the most important function to get under way is breaking through the soil.
hypocotyl, as the most important function to get under way is breaking through the soil.
cotyledon(s), as the most important function to get under way is photosynthesis.radicle, as the most important function to get under way is the absorption of water and nutrients.root, as the most important function to get under way is the anchoring of the plant to the soil. Slide13
In dicotyledon seed germination, usually the first organ to emerge from the seed is the
shoot tip, as the most important function to get under way is breaking through the soil.
hypocotyl, as the most important function to get under way is breaking through the soil.
cotyledon(s), as the most important function to get under way is photosynthesis.radicle, as the most important function to get under way is the absorption of water and nutrients.root, as the most important function to get under way is the anchoring of the plant to the soil. Slide14
All of the following statements regarding double fertilization in the angiosperms is true except which one?
The angiosperm embryo is diploid.
The pollen tube reaching the
micropyle results in the death of one of the synergids.The fertilized angiosperm ovule consists of diploid and triploid cells.The megasporangium gives rise to four haploid eggs through meiosis.
One of the pollen nuclei contributes to the genome of the endosperm.Slide15
All of the following statements regarding double fertilization in the angiosperms is true except which one?
The angiosperm embryo is diploid.
The pollen tube reaching the
micropyle results in the death of one of the synergids.The fertilized angiosperm ovule consists of diploid and triploid cells.The megasporangium gives rise to four haploid eggs through meiosis.One of the pollen nuclei contributes to the genome of the endosperm.Slide16
The flowers of wind-pollinated plants
usually have flat blades to direct the wind.
produce sticky pollen.
are usually green and inconspicuous.are usually white and small.usually occur on separate male and female plants.Slide17
The flowers of wind-pollinated plants
usually have flat blades to direct the wind.
produce sticky pollen.
are usually green and inconspicuous.are usually white and small.usually occur on separate male and female plants.Slide18
An accessory fruit is one that
grows from a lateral meristem.
develops from tissue other than the ovary.
develops from the pericarp.consists of multiple receptacles.is not necessary for reproduction.Slide19
An accessory fruit is one that
grows from a lateral meristem.
develops from tissue other than the ovary.
develops from the pericarp.consists of multiple receptacles.is not necessary for reproduction.Slide20
Which of the following lists an aggregate fruit, a multiple fruit, and an accessory fruit, in that order?
guava, blackberry, cherry
watermelon, orange, fig
apple, pear, cherrypineapple, tangerine, cranberrystrawberry, fig, pearSlide21
Which of the following lists an aggregate fruit, a multiple fruit, and an accessory fruit, in that order?
guava, blackberry, cherry
watermelon, orange, fig
apple, pear, cherrypineapple, tangerine, cranberrystrawberry, fig, pearSlide22
Scientific Skills Exercises
One unusual opportunity to test how long seeds can remain viable occurred when seeds from date palm trees (
Phoenix
dactylifera
) were discovered under the rubble of a 2,000-year-old fortress near the Dead Sea. Scientists measured the fraction of carbon-14 that remained in three of the ancient date palm seeds: two that were not planted and one that was planted and germinated. (For the germinated seed, the scientists used a seed-coat fragment found clinging to a root of the seedling.) The table shows their results.
Data from S. Sallon, et al., Germination, genetics, and growth of an ancient date seed.
Science
320:1464 (2008). Slide23
An ancient date palm seed germinated and grew into a healthy plant. What was the source of nutrients for the young sporophyte embryo during germination of the date palm seed
?
a)
sunlight
b) food
stored within the seed
c) water
taken up by the germinating seed
d) the
surrounding soilSlide24
An ancient date palm seed germinated and grew into a healthy plant. What was the source of nutrients for the young sporophyte embryo during germination of the date palm seed
?
a) sunlight
b) food
stored within the seed
c) water
taken up by the germinating seed
d) the
surrounding soilSlide25
Why is seed dormancy adaptive for many plant species
?
a) Seed
dormancy increases the longevity of an individual sporophyte plant.
b) Seed
dormancy allows seeds to germinate when conditions are favorable for seedling growth.
c) Seed
dormancy ensures that a seedling does not compete with its parents.
d) Seed
dormancy ensures that a seedling does not germinate when a source of food is not available for the young seedling
.Slide26
Why is seed dormancy adaptive for many plant species
?
a) Seed
dormancy increases the longevity of an individual sporophyte plant.
b) Seed
dormancy allows seeds to germinate when conditions are favorable for seedling growth.
c) Seed
dormancy ensures that a seedling does not compete with its parents.
d) Seed
dormancy ensures that a seedling does not germinate when a source of food is not available for the young seedling
.Slide27
A logarithm is the power to which a base is raised to produce a given number
x
. For example, if the base is 10 and
x
= 100, the logarithm of 100 equals 2 (because 10
2
= 100). A natural logarithm (
ln
) is the logarithm of a number
x
to the base
e
, where
e
is about 2.718. Natural logarithms are useful in calculating rates of some natural processes, such as radioactive decay
.
The equation
F
=
e
–
kt
describes the fraction
F
of an original isotope remaining after a period of
t
years; the exponent is negative because it refers to a
decrease
over time. The constant
k
provides a measure of how rapidly the original isotope decays. For the decay of carbon-14 to nitrogen-14,
k
= 0.00012097. Slide28
You can rearrange this equation to solve for
t
by following these steps
:
Take
the natural logarithm of both sides of the
equation
ln
(
F
) =
ln
(
e
–
kt
). Rewrite the right side
of
this equation by applying the following rule:
ln
(
e
x
)
=
x
ln
(
e
).
2. Since
ln
(
e
) = 1, simplify the equation.
3. Now solve for
t
in the form “
t
= ____.
”
Slide29
Which equation correctly solves for
t
?
t
=
ln
(
F
) −
k
∗
ln
(
e
)
t
=
ln
(
F
) −
k
c)
t
=
ln
(
F
)
ln
(
e
−
k
)
d)
t
= log10
(
F
) −
kSlide30
Which equation correctly solves for
t
?
a)
t
=
ln
(
F
) −
k
∗
ln
(
e
)
b)
t
=
ln
(
F
) −
k
c)
t
=
ln
(
F
)
ln
(
e
−
k
)
d)
t
= log10
(
F
) −
k