Vikings Invade from the North Sailed from Scandinavia Known as Northmen or Norsemen Carried out their raids with swords and heavy wood shields Largest Viking ships carried 300 men Growing Food Supply ID: 719037
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Chapter 13 section 2Slide2
Invaders Attack Western Europe
Vikings Invade from the North
Sailed from Scandinavia
Known as Northmen or NorsemenCarried out their raids with swords and heavy wood shields Largest Viking ships carried 300 menSlide3
Growing Food Supply
Expanding civilization = need for more food
Switch to horse powerHorses required better food but could do three times the workThey began to use better harnesses that fit around the horses chestSlide4
Invaders Attack Western Europe
Vikings Invade from the North (continued)
Acted as warriors, traders, farmers and explorers
Leif EricsonViking explorer who reached North America 500 years before Columbus Vikings began accepting Christianity Slide5
Invaders Attack Western Europe
Magyars and Muslims Attack from the East and South
Muslims
Struck from the south Originally wanted to settle Europe, later decided to plunder (rob people) as well As a result of Magyar and Muslim attacks people began to look for protection from local rulers Slide6
Invaders Attack Western Europe
Magyars and Muslims Attack from the East and South
Magyars
Nomadic people from Hungary Invaded from the east on horseback around 800Attacked villages and monasteries Took captives as slaves Slide7
A New Social Order: Feudalism
Feudal System
-A system of governing landholding based on rights and obligation
Lord-Land OwnerFief-Land grant in exchange for military protection Vassal-
Person receiving the fief Slide8
A New Social Order: Feudalism
The Feudal Pyramid-Slide9
A New Social Order: Feudalism
Social Classes-
Three Groups
Those who fought (knights, nobles)Those who prayed (Priests, Nuns ect.)Those who worked (peasants)
Serfs-
People who could not lawfully leave where they were born Slide10
Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism
Manor-
The Lords Estate
Lord would provide serfs with land and protection Serfs would work the land and maintain the estate Owed 2-3 days of work and a portion of their grain Slide11
Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism
Peasants on the manor-
Rarely traveled more than 25 miles from the manor
15-30 families lived on the manor Produced crops, milk, cheese, fuel, cloth, leather goods and lumberPurchased salt, iron and millstones (used for grinding grain)Tithe-
Church tax (10% of income)
Also paid grain and marriage taxSlide12
Section 1-Church Reform and the CrusadesSlide13
The Crusades
Crusade-
“Holy War” to gain control of the Holy Land (Jerusalem)
Issued by Pope Urban IIGoals of the Crusades-
Religious, social, economic and political goals
Regain Palestine, Jerusalem and reunite Christendom
Others were looking for land of their ownSlide14
The Crusades
1
st
and 2nd Crusade-1
st
Crusade-
12,000 men approached Jerusalem
1099-Crusaders capture the city
2
nd
Crusade-
Organized to recapture Edessa
1187-Jerusalem fell to the Kurdish warrior Saladin
Pope said “those who dies on crusade, have a place in heaven”
Crusaders wore a red cross on their tunic and shouted “God wills it!”Slide15
The Crusades
1
st
and 2nd Crusade-1
st
Crusade-
12,000 men approached Jerusalem
1099-Crusaders capture the city
2
nd
Crusade-
Organized to recapture Edessa
1187-Jerusalem fell to the Kurdish warrior Saladin
Pope said “those who dies on crusade, have a place in heaven”
Crusaders wore a red cross on their tunic and shouted “God wills it!”Slide16Slide17
The Crusades
3
rd
Crusade-Organized to recapture JerusalemLed by three of Europe’s most powerful monarchsPhilip II, Fredrick I, Richard the Lion-Hearted
Philip went home, Fredrick drowned on the journey, so Richard was left alone
1192-Richard and Saladin agreed to a truce
Muslims kept the holy city
Christian pilgrims could enter freelySlide18
The Crusading Sprit Dwindles
The Children’s Crusade
1212-Thousands of children set out to overtake Jerusalem
Led by Stephen of Cloyes (12 Years old)
30,000 kids under 18 joined
Believed God would give them Jerusalem
Many died on the way, drowned or were sold into slaverySlide19
The Crusading Sprit Dwindles
Spanish Crusades-
Reconquista-
Long fought effort to get the Moors (Muslims) out of Spain1492-Granada fell to the Christian army
Inquisition-
Christian court used to suppress heresy
Heretics- Someone who’s beliefs differed from the Church
Suspects many be questioned for weeks or tortured
Once they confessed they were often burned at the stakeSlide20
The Effects of the Crusades
Effects of the Crusades-
Thousands left their homes and fought for the church
Women managed affairs opened shops and innsTrade expanded between Europe and South West AsiaSpices, fruit, cloth
Failure of later Crusades weakened the power of the pope
Muslims and Christians hated each other, Jews were persecutedSlide21
Growing Food Supply
The Three-Field System-
You divide your land into three parts
Farm two parts and let one rest for a yearCould now grow on 2/3 of the land instead of just ½As food production increased population increasedSlide22
Section 2-Changes in Medieval SocietySlide23
Commercial Revolution
Fairs and Trades-
Merchants traded cloth, bacon, salt, honey, cheese, wine, leather, knivesThings no longer limited to what was produced on the manorForeign goods now availableSlide24
Section 4-
The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague
Slide25
The Bubonic Plague Strikes
The Bubonic Plague-
A deadly epidemic that killed about 1/3rd of Europe
Origins and Impact of the Plague-Began in Asia and received its name the Black Death from the purplish black bumps on the skinTook four years to cross EuropeMillions who caught it diedSlide26
The Bubonic Plague Strikes
Effects of the Plague-
Population declined
Trade declinedSerfs left to find a better livingJews were blamed for the plagueChurch lost prestige when their prayers failed to stop the plague