wwwetobicokemastergardenersca wwwhumberarboretumonca 1 Presented at Humber Arboretum Prepared by Etobicoke Master Gardeners ID: 255055
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Etobicoke Master Gardeners Humber Arboretumwww.etobicokemastergardeners.ca www.humberarboretum.on.ca
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Presented at: Humber Arboretum
Prepared by: Etobicoke Master Gardeners
Putting Your Garden To Sleep!Slide2
Master Gardeners of Ontario
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Humber Arboretum
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Session Topics
LawnsBulbsRhododendronsVines Cuttings & Seed Saving General CleanupWinterizing Container PotsWater Gardens
Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca
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Annuals & Perennials RosesTrees, Shrubs & Evergreens Veggie & Herb GardensSoil Improvement Cleaning ToolsEvaluate Your GardenLet’s go for a walk!Slide5
Putting the garden to bed for the winter is an annual necessity!
Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca
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Lawns
Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca6Slide7
Lawns
Keep cutting & wateringFertilize with low nitrogen, high potash productAerate
if thatch is more than 1\2 inchSeed any bare or thin spots
Keep it clean by raking up leaves Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca7Slide8
Perennials
Cut back now or in the spring??Divide\transplantLabel\mark plantsDig
up tender perennials to
over winterMulch beds for winter protectionEtobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca8Slide9
Annuals
Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca
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Annuals
Remove and compost annuals Do not remove all annuals, some are
tender perennials and may survive a mild winter
Some annuals can be over-wintered indoors Lift tender bulbs such as dahlias, tuberous begoniasEtobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca10Slide11
Bulbs
Now is the time to plant spring-flowering bulbsAvailable in a wide range of shapes and coloursProvides the first sign of spring in your garden
Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca
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Bulbs
Where to plant your bulbs for best impactHow to plant bulbsSome tips for discouraging pestsEtobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca
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Roses
After the ground has frozen, hill up the soil to cover the crown where the graft is located.Use friable soil left over from an annual basket or retained in a warm place.Cover with more soil, damp sawdust, leaves or
hayDo not use manure or
compost Hybrid tea, floribunda and grandiflora rosescut back to about 18″ to avoid wind damage and possible upheaval of roots in strong winds. All shrub roses including David Austin roses can be cut back to about 2 or 3 feetClimbing roses, secure or remove branches to avoid possible wind damage.Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca13Slide14
Rhododendrons
Why rhododendrons require winter protection. Sensitive to:Very low temperatures Sun and wind which can dry out their leavesHow to prepare them for the winterWater Cover Mulch
Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca
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Trees, Shrubs, and Evergreens
Etobicoke
Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca
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Trees, Shrubs, and Evergreens
Trees & ShrubsWrap trunks of young trees or fruit trees to protect from sunscaldSun damage or south-west injury causes the bark to split exposing the tree to insect damage and diseaseIf severe, sun damage can cause the tree to decline or even
dieWrapping tree trunks will also protect against rodent damageRemember
to remove the wrap in the springEtobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca16Slide17
Trees, Shrubs, and Evergreens
EvergreensLeaf desiccation commonly shows up in late spring as brown foliage. To reduce the possibility of desiccation, water regularly and abundantly until freeze-up. If the weather is dry, water deeply once every seven to 10 days.
An anti-desiccant can be sprayed on evergreen foliage Layer fallen leaves around the base of evergreens. Wrap
evergreens with burlap, if exposed to prevailing winter winds or salt spray.Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca17Slide18
Vines
Prune summer and fall flowing trees and shrubs in the dormant season Prune the three D’s Dead, Diseased, or Damaged Prune every year, so that plants regenerate Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca
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Vegetable Garden
Harvest your vegetables (and enjoy!)Cover some with mulch for later harvest
Compost dead annual plants (discard diseased stems)
Pull out weeds and compost them (no seeds!)Till to disturb harmful insects/eggsPlant cover crops Apply a top-dressing of compost.Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca19Slide20
Vegetable Garden
Etobicoke
Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca
20‘Lasagna’ GardenSlide21
Herb Garden
Harvest herbs for culinary use.
Wash and store them.
Bring in those herbs you wish to grow on a sunny windowsillTrim them and repot in new, clean soil.Rinse the plant thoroughly to remove insects and eggsMonitor the indoor herbs closelyEtobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca21Slide22
Water Gardens
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Cuttings
Consult a reliable source!Cut stems in the morning, when they are full of water.
Immerse the cutting in a bucket of water
This takes care of any stubborn insects.Note: Cuttings generally do not need to be large (3 to 6 inches is fine).Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca23Slide24
Cuttings
Prepare the cuttings.Put the cutting in bright, indirect light
Fluorescent lighting is good for rooting cuttings
Mist regularly or cover the cutting.When the cutting has rooted new leaves will appear.Then monitor for pests and disease.Transfer to a bigger pot when required.Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca24Slide25
Saving Seeds
Wait until seed pods have dried and are about to openCollect the seeds into any suitable container
Do not seal the container!
Once dry, place into the refrigerator for storage.This keeps the seeds viable for longer Do not freeze!Add silica gel sachets or corn starch to absorb moisture.Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca25Slide26
Saving seeds
Some seeds need to be processed before storage or useConsult a reliable source!
Many native perennials need to be ‘stratified’.
Research spring treatment of the seeds you have stored.Special germination instructions.Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca26Slide27
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Weathered rock material broken down over
many yearsSand, silt and clayMicro-organismsOrganic matterWater and Airhttp://pnwmg.org/images/soilparticlesize.gifhttp://foodstorageandbeyond.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/types-of-soil.jpg
Soil – What is it made of?
Weathered rock material broken down over many yearsSand, silt and clayMicro-organismsOrganic matterWater and AirEtobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.caSlide28
What does soil provide to plants?
Temperature control during very hot/cold periodsOxygen that roots need to breatheAnchoring support to stay upright Water that roots need to drinkFood, food and more food!!!Temperature
control during very hot/cold periodsOxygen that roots need to breathe
Anchoring support to stay uprightWater that roots need to drinkFood, food and more food!!!Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca28Slide29
Composting: What are the benefits?
Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca29
Reusing and recycling
It’s natural – occurs in nature!Helps grow strong healthy plantsGood for soil health and structureAdds micro-organisms to root zoneReduces needs for synthetic fertilizersHelps improve water drainage in clay soilsHelps improve water retention in sandy soilsHelps clean up contaminated soil (remediation)http://www.planetnatural.comSlide30
Greens vs. Browns
Greens are high in nitrogen or protein.Greens help microorganisms to multiply fast in the piles.Greens help internal temperatures in hot compost piles.
Browns are high in carbon or carbohydrates.Browns supply the energy / food that soil organisms need.
Browns also help stop odours.Browns help stop the nitrogen in the piles from leaching. Browns are essential in the faster formation of humus Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca30Slide31
General Cleanup
Clean and put away furniture, pots, hanging basketsStore clay and ceramic pots inside Drain all hoses and store insideTurn off outside water sources
Window boxes left in place can be used for holiday decoration
Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca31Slide32
Cleaning Tools
Rakes – Flex or Fan Rakes - Straight or Rigid RakesHoes
- Trench hoe or Fork CultivatorShovels, Forks and
TrowelsSecateurs – Bypass, Anvil and RatchetingLoppers – plain and extended handleSaws – folding, pole sawsEtobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca32thegreatestgarden.comSlide33
Cleaning Tools
Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca33Slide34
Winterizing Container Pots
Most containers are either clay or plasticIf not emptied and dried, can freeze and crack due to moisture and expansion Empty pots, compost organic matter, wash pots with water & bleach mixtureStore pots upside down, with paper separations, in a sheltered area
Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca
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Evaluate Your Garden
Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca35Slide36
Evaluate Your Garden
Garden Assessment Step 1 – Review Keep a garden journalTake pictures Garden Assessment Step 2 – Observe Microclimates in your gardenMoisture patterns in your garden or lawn Garden Assessment Step 3 – Plan Based on your review determine what you are changing
Prioritize your changes 1) Hardscaping, 2) Trees & Shrubs, 3) Plant Materials, 4) Vegetable patches, 5) Container gardens Research plant materials
Map-it-outEtobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca36Slide37
Fall Gardening Checklist
Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca37Slide38
Fall Gardening Checklist
October Transplant shrubs or young trees to new locations Cut diseased areas out of perennials. Do not compostRake and compost any fallen leaves
Clean up garden debris. Remove all vegetable plants and fallen fruit Remove dead annuals from the garden, after a frost
Cut back perennial foliage to discourage overwintering pests. Leave flowers with seeds for the birdsContinue watering trees and shrubs until the ground freezes Sharpen lawn mower blade an pruners Trim tall grass away from trees and corners of your home to discourage small rodents from creating nests Dig up tender bulbs such as dahlia, canna and gladiola. Dry and store in cool, dark space Prepare and see new lawns Prepare and dig new garden beds and additions Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca38
SeptemberCollect seed and herbs for dryingAdd compost or manure to garden beds Cover water features with netting to collect falling leavesCheck houseplants for pests, then start to move indoorsPlant new trees and shrubs, to give them at least 5 weeks before frost
Plant spring flowering bulbs, perennials, bi-annuals, and evergreens Clean bird feeders, gardening tools Continue watering trees and shrubs until the ground freezesBring in any clay potsPull weeds before they go to seed to reduce the number of weeds next yearFertilize and aerate your lawn as required November Fertilize your lawnDivide spring & summer blooming perennial Turn off outside water connections & drain garden hoses Buy bulbs to force for winterContinue watering trees and shrubs until ground is frozenWrap screening around fruit tree trunks to protect from small animalsMulch rose bushesClean fallen leaves in downspouts and guttersSlide39
Upcoming Workshop
Planning Your Garden November 7th at 10:00 – 11:30 a.m. Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca
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Let’s Get Walking!
Etobicoke Master Gardeners www.etobicokemastergardeners.ca40Please feel free to ask questions during the tour
Any questions before we get walking? Slide41
Etobicoke Master Gardeners Humber Arboretumwww.etobicokemastergardeners.ca www.humberarboretum.on.ca
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Etobicoke Master Gardeners & Humber Arboretum Thank you!Questions?