Definitions 1 Hypothesis A tentative statement such as if A happens then B must happen that can be tested by direct experiment or observation A proven hypothesis can be expressed as a law or a theory ID: 594382
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Hypothesis, Theory, Belief?Slide2
Definitions
1. Hypothesis
: A tentative statement such as ‘if A happens then B must happen’ that can be tested by direct experiment or observation. A proven hypothesis can be expressed as a law or a theory. A disproven hypothesis can sometimes be re-tested and found correct as measurements improve.
2. Theory: An explanation for why certain laws and facts exist that can be tested to determine its accuracy.
3. Belief
: A statement that is not scientifically provable in the same way as facts, laws, hypotheses or theories. Scientifically disproven beliefs can still be held to be true.Slide3
Hypothesis, Theory, Belief?
Chocolate
causes pimplesNon-formalized hypothesis: it can be tested but doesn’t imply how to do soSlide4
Hypothesis, Theory, Belief?
There are such things as ghosts.
Belief! Slide5
Hypothesis, Theory, Belief?
If leaf color change is related to temperature, then exposing plants to low temperatures will result in changes in leaf color
Formalized hypotheses contain two variables. One is "independent" and the other is "dependent." The independent variable is the one you, the scientist control and the dependent variable is the one that you observe and/or measure the results.Slide6
Hypothesis, Theory, Belief?
Processing in the brain is accomplished by long fiber bundles that
form webs, as well as in the dynamic electrical fields that surround these "trees". the processing occurring around these trees can influence those occurring in trees of nearby neurons with which whose dendrites are entangled but not in direct contact. In this way, processing in the brain can occur in a non-localized manner.
Theory – this is the holonomic brain theorySlide7
Hypothesis, Theory, Belief?
Putting your clothing on inside
out the night of a big storm will close school.
Belief! Slide8
Hypothesis, Theory, Belief?
Venom
is metabolically expensive and therefore used frugally through behavioral control. Hypothesis!Slide9
Hypothesis, Theory, Belief?
Knocking on wood will drive
away malevolent spirits and prevent any potential misfortunes from occurring.
Belief! Slide10
Hypothesis, Theory, Belief?
Many
diseases are caused by the presence and actions of specific micro-organisms within the body of organisms.
Theory! This is the Germ Theory of DiseaseSlide11
Homework
Pages 1-2 #1-12
Environmental Metric ProjectDue FridaySlide12
1. A group of
students
were given a short course in speed-reading. The instructor was curious if a monetary incentive would influence performance on a reading test taken at the end of the course. Half the students were offered $5 for obtaining a certain level of performance on the test, the other half were not offered money. Hypothesis: If ____________________________, then _____________________________________________.Independent variable: Dependent variable: Experimental group: Control group:
Amount of $ given to students
Student performance (grades)
Students receiving $5
Students not offered money
students are paid
they will perform better on a reading testSlide13
2. A social psychologist thinks that people are more likely to conform to a large crowd than to a single person. To test this hypothesis, the social psychologist had either one person or five
people
stand on a busy walking path on campus and look up. The psychologist stood nearby and counted the number of people passing by who also looked up. Hypothesis: If ____________________________, then _____________________________________________.Independent variable: Dependent variable: Experimental group: Control group:
# of people looking up
# of people walking by looking up
5 people looking up
1 person looking up
there is a crowd
people are more likely to conform to their actionsSlide14
3. To test a new voice feature in a cockpit design a flight simulator was used. The simulator was programmed to give visual readings of flight information, or to give visual
and
auditory (voice) readings of flight information. All test pilots were put through a simulated emergency landing procedure, but were randomly assigned to the visual, or visual and auditory conditions. Flight experts rated each pilot’s performance in the simulator on a scale of 1 (very poor) to 10 (excellent). Hypothesis: If _____________________________________, then _____________________________________________.Independent variable: Dependent variable: Experimental group:
Control group:
Type of reading(s)
Pilot performance
Visual and auditory readings
Visual readings
visual & auditory readings are given
pilots will perform better on simulations