Tamm Raivo Vettik Taavi Võsa Innovative Technologies for spreading of manure Manure as Material C lassification is by a nimal type cattle pig bird ID: 503528
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Kalvi" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Kalvi
Tamm
, Raivo Vettik, Taavi Võsa
Innovative Technologies for spreading
of manureSlide2
Manure as Material
C
lassification
is
by
:
a
nimal
type
-
cattle
,
pig
,
bird
,
sheep
etc
.
litter
type
–
straw
,
saw
dust
, peat,
sand
etc
.
d
ry
matter
content
a
ge
-
raw
or
maturated
solid
manureSlide3
In
Estonian
legislation
by
dry
matter
content
from
weight
1)
liquid
manure
or
slurry
: < 8%;
2) semi-
liquid
manure
: 8,0–19,9%;
3)
solid
manure
: 20,0–24,9%;
4)
deep
litter
manure
: >25%.Slide4
To
p
ump or not
to pump?
For handling and spreading point of view:
if
dry
matter
content
<
12
%
I
t
can
be pumped
.
else
I
t
must
be
shovelle
d.Slide5
Semi-
liquid
manure
Dry
matter
content
10-20
%
Hard
to
pump and
hard
to
heep
.
Universal
spreader
is
requiredSlide6
Processing
Separation
Separate dry and liquid fractions
Biogas production
Helps
to
separate
More
hom
o
geneous
material
is
coming
from
gas
plant
.
Chemical treatment (
SyreN
)
Less
NO
3
emissions,
N
is
saved
for
plants
Additional
SSlide7
Solid
manure
Photo
: Kalvi Tamm,
LMR
AzeneSlide8
Innovations
in
solid
manure
spreading
Photos
:
Fliegel
Slide9
Innovations
in
solid
manure
spreading
Photos
:
Joskin
,
Samson
, Raivo
VettikSlide10
Innovations
in
solid
manure
spreading
Photo
: BergmannSlide11
Liquid
manure
Dry matter content
below
12%.
Can be load
ed
and transported to short distances with pumps or by pressure difference
Low nutrient content
Uncovered storage tanks collect lot of rainwater – unnecessary volume increase
Soil injection technologies available for different cropsSlide12
Broadcast
spreading
Usage is limited by law
Should not be used, unless followed with instant tillage
Remarkable nutrient loss on air born stage is unavoidable
High risk of runoff!
Productive, fast, simple machinery
High odour issues possible
Hygiene issues due manure covered plantsSlide13
Band
spreading
No air born stage emissions
Better infiltration on lower rates
Durable and less expensive machinery
High productivity and low running costs
Efficient nutrient usage requires incorporation to soil by tillage
Less hygiene issues
Trailing hose, trailing shoeSlide14
Injection
–
open
slot
Less emissions
Faster infiltration to soil
Small amounts to shallow slots
Deep slots disturb plants
Remarkable runoff losses, when slots are slope-
oriente
d
Minor damage to plants on shallow slots
Trailing shoe with knife, one- or two disk coultersSlide15
Injection
–
closed
slot
Even less emissions
Amount is limited to slot dimensions
Better field contour coping, more even working depth
Higher draught force requirement
Tine coulters are lifting stones
Plants can suffer remarkably, if used improper growth stage
Odour issue reduction
Disk coulters, tine coultersSlide16
High
pressure
injection
Fast and productive
No stone problems
Harmless to plants
Odour issues reduction possible
High energy demand
Requires homogenous and constant material flow
Not common – one manufacturerSlide17
Incorporation
spreading
Band spreading directly to soil tillage equipment active zone
Manure spreading and first tillage can be done in one pass
Mainly disc harrows
Low emissions
High overall efficiency
Minor odour issues
High draught requirement because soil tillage equipmentSlide18
Transportation
Liquid manure transport with spreader tanker is feasible up to distances 5 km
Longer distances require separate hauling tankers
Trucks are fast, but can have problems in field
Soil thickening!!!
Volume matching
Spreading device should not wait!
Buffer tanks
Old marine containersSlide19
Umbilical
systems
Less pressure to soil
High output
No wasted runs with empty tank
Some durability issues if used with high speed equipment
Obstacles in field are problem (electrical poles, big stones or stone piles etc.)
Requires constant feed, if
prehauling
tankers are used
Buffer tanks!Slide20
Separation
Liquid and dry fractions can be handled differently
N (liquid) vs P (solid) distribution
No water haulage
Nutrient-rich dry fraction can be processed to higher value product
Liquid fraction can be reused (flushing canals) or purified for release to nature
storage volume reductionSlide21
Biogas
production
More closely from Mr.
Peep
Pitk
WIN-WIN situation
Methanogenesis
has
neglible
effect to nutrient content
Methane reactor homogenizes content, thus making material better to handle
Less odour issues
Digestate
infiltrates faster
Fertilization recommendations are still on studySlide22
SyreN
Acidification reduces remarkably NH
4
emissions
Better infiltration
Costly equipment
Scalable
Economical efficiency is under study (Baltic Slurry
Acidi
)
Not widely spread due special requirements
Acid IS dangerous substance to handle
Fertilization recommendations are still on studySlide23
Handling
is
critical
No „miracle“ device on the market
Most machines are suitable to certain conditions
Even best machine performs poorly, if
operaator
is not:
skilled,
trained and
motivated
Machinery tends to be heavy, take care of soil
Light materials
Maximum size tyres
Tyre pressure adjusting systemsSlide24
Timing
is
everything
Manure
is
slow
source
of
nutrients
Someone must be consuming, otherwise
nutrients
can
leach
out
Soil
live
matter
needs
also
nutrient
to
feel
good
Dry
manure
is
not
suitable
to
fertilizing
growing
crops
Liquid
manure
can
be
used
also
to
growing
crops
.
Caution
:
Growth
stage
Soil
state
Logistics
(
there
can
be
load
limitations
on
roads
)Slide25
Manure
is a bless, not the
problem!Questions:kalvi.tamm@etki.ee