Mechanics Professor Edward M Winter - PowerPoint Presentation

Mechanics Professor Edward M Winter Welcome to today’s Webinar Edward M Winter BEd MSc PhD DSc FBASES FafPEProfessor of the Physiology of Exercise Terms and Nomenclature to Describe Exercise

Mechanics Professor Edward M Winter About today’s webinar Today’s webinar is part of a series being produced jointly by the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences (BASES) and Human Kinetics. It scheduled to last for about an hour and will be recorded and made available for download and playback. You will automatically receive an e-mail containing a link to the recording when it is available. All microphones and phone lines are muted so we ask that you submit questions by typing them into the question box, located in the lower right-hand corner of your screen and click “send.” We’ll collect any questions sent throughout the presentation and Edward will answer as many as possible during a Q&A segment at the end of the session.

Mechanics Professor Edward M Winter About today’s speaker Professor Winter was a founder member of BASES, co-designer of the Association's accreditation scheme and until recently, was accredited both for research and scientific support in physiology. He has authored more than 200 publications, been involved in the review of more than 2000 manuscripts and abstracts for all of the major journals in sport and exercise, has extensive experience of supervising and examining DSc, PhD, MPhil and MSc-by-research candidates and still plays county-standard squash. He is resolute in his determination to ensure that sport and exercise science upholds the principles and practices of science.

Sport and Exercise Science The scientific study of factors that influence our ability to perform exerciseQuantify the ability to perform exercise Correctly apply mechanical constructsFrequently this does not occurIn spite of Newton and the laws of physicsIn spite of the SI

Classical mechanics

Definitions of Exercise Repetitive, purposeful movementFails the first characteristic of science i.e. observation In sport, movement can be deprecatedIn activities of daily living, isometric muscle actions occur deliberately and purposely

Definition of Exercise A potential disruption to homeostasis by muscle activity that is either exclusively or in combination, concentric, isometric or eccentric.

Function of Muscle Muscle contractsNo it doesn't!

Function of Muscle Muscle contractsNo it doesn't! Muscle activity

Function of Muscle Irrespective of the type (skeletal, cardiac or smooth):The function of muscle is to exert force It does so by attempting to shortenHence, concentric, isometric or eccentric activity/actions

Concerns Adamson and Whitney (1971)Knuttgen (1978) WinterWinter and Fowler (2009)Knudson (2009)

Concerns ForceWork VelocityPowerEfficiency Work-energy and impulse-momentum approaches

Concerns: mass and weight Mass: amount of matter (kg)Weight: the force that that mass exerts under prevailing gravity (N)

Concerns: velocity and speed Velocity: a vector (implies magnitude and direction)Speed: a scalar quantity (only magnitude)

Concerns: work Mechanical work is done when a force moves its point of application such that some resolved part of the displacement lies along the line of action of that force Force (N) x distance (m)Nm: joules (J)Workload (abomination) Isometric muscle activity . . .

Concerns: power The rate of doing work Not the product of force and velocityNot "work rate" (colloquial)Unit: watt (W) James Watt (1736-1819)Horsepower (1782)33,000 (32,572) ft.lb/min550 ft.lb/s 735-750 W

Concerns: power

Concerns: power

Concerns: work-energy or impulse-momentum? Newton II Changes in momentumProjectilesImpulse (Ft) EnduranceTotal energy i.e. sum of translational and rotational kinetic energies, potential energy, heat, acoustic . . .

How hard is someone exercising? IntensityAll forms of activity ( m, s, N, Nm, m·s-1, W)Physiological responses to imposed demands (%) Exercise performed (%)

Domains of Intensity Moderate, heavy, very heavy, severe and extreme Based on physiological responses to imposed demands

Critical power 50 years oldA limit of tolerance to exercise Isometric muscle activity . . .Running, swimming etc. . . .Velocity and speed Cycling - internal and external components . . .

Sport and Exercise Science The term "critical power" has at best limited application and should be abandoned The term "critical intensity" applies to all forms of exercise, adheres to principles of classical mechanics, the SI and hence principles of science and should be used instead

Mechanics Professor Edward M Winter Any Questions? We have received quite a number of questions and we will try and answer as many as possible in the time remaining .I’ll keep the Q & A session going as long as is practical and we still have an audience to address.Any that remain unanswered will be forwarded to Edward and he’ll try and email you a reply in due course.

Mechanics Professor Edward M Winter Thanks Thank you to everyone for joining us today and thanks also to Professor Winter for what I’m sure you will agree was a great presentation. Please take a few moments when your webinar window closes to complete a short survey on today’s webinar – we appreciate your feedback as it helps us continually improve our webinars. We will email everyone a link to the recording of today’s presentation, so you can view it yourself or pass it along to friends or colleagues. Thank you again for your participation today and I hope you will join us on Wednesday , 23 rd October at 9.00am, when Vicki Aitken will present “ The Playing Attitude: Why we can’t think technically if we want to perform at our best. ”. Thanks and enjoy the rest of your day.