Let us think of education as the means of developing our greatest abilities because in each of us there is a private hope and dream which if fulfilled can be translated into benefit for everyone and greater strength of the nation John F Kennedy ID: 789499
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Slide1
Mark and Recapture
A biologist originally marked 40 butterflies in Wilson park. Over a month long period butterfly traps caught 200 butterflies. Of those 200, 80 were found to have tags. Based on this information, what is the estimated population size of the butterflies in Wilson park?
Slide2"Let us think of education as the means of developing our greatest abilities, because in each of us there is a private hope and dream which, if fulfilled, can be translated into benefit for everyone and greater strength of the nation." -- John F. Kennedy
Slide3Announcements
Quiz on Friday January 21
st
Extra Credit: Check Stern MASS website
Each project is worth up to 0.75 pts added to a previous EXAM.
Each student may do up to 2 (independently!!)
Due January 21, 2011
Slide4Human Population
January 12, 2011
Slide5Declining Death Rates
The dramatic increase in Earth’s human population in the last 200 years is because death rates have declined more rapidly than birth rates.
Slide6Why has death rate declined?
More people have access to:
Adequate food
Clean water
Safe sewage disposal
Slide7Life Expectancy
Def: The average number of years members of a population are likely to live
Slide8Infant Mortality
Life expectancy is most affected by
infant mortality
, the death rate of infants less than one years old.
Infant health is affected by the parents’ access to education, food, fuel, and clean water.
Slide9Life Expectancy By Region
Slide10Life Expectancy
New threats arise as populations become denser.
AIDS and Tuberculosis are a concern in places where disease can spread quickly.
Slide11The Demographic Transition
Slide12Demographic Transition
Def: A model that describes how economic and social changes affect population growth rates.
There are 4 stages of the transition
Slide13Stage 1: Preindustrial
Birth Rate: High
Death Rate: High
Population Size: Stable
Slide14Stage 2: Transitional
Population Explosion Occurs!
Death Rates: Decline (hygiene, water, food).
Birth Rates: Remains high
Slide15Stage 3: Industrial
Population growth slows.
Birth Rate: Decreases
Begins to match Death rate
Population size stabilizes
Slide16Stage 4: Postindustrial
Birth Rate: Drops below
replacement level
birth rate.
Population Size: Begins to decrease.
Slide17Using the Figure
What is happening to the birth rate and death rate when there is a rapid population growth?
What is happening to the birth and death rates when there is zero growth?
What is happening to the birth and death rates when population growth is negative?
Slide18Using the Figure
What is happening to the birth rate and death rate when there is a rapid population growth?
The birth rate is higher than the death rate
What is happening to the birth and death rates when there is zero growth?
They are about the same
What is happening to the birth and death rates when population growth is negative?
The birth rate is lower than the death rate.
Slide19Women and Fertility
Total Fertility Rate:
Developed Countries: 1.6 children per woman
Developing Countries: 3.1 children per woman
Slide20Changing Population Trends
A rapidly growing population uses resources at an increased rate and can overwhelm the infrastructure of a community.
Infrastructure: The basic facilities and services that support a community, such as schools and hospitals.
Slide21Urban Sprawl
Slide22Sprawl
uses
more land than necessary;
has a lower population density than traditional cities and towns (e.g., fewer people in larger houses);
creates a dependence on cars for almost everything;
results in fragmented open spaces, wide gaps between development, and a scattered appearance;
Slide23Sprawl
separates uses into distinct areas (so, you don't usually have a store or a movie theater within walking distance from your home);
is characterized by repetitive one-story commercial buildings surrounded by acres of parking; and.