3rd Edition Strategic Management In Tourism Edited

Transcript:3rd Edition Strategic Management In Tourism Edited:
3rd Edition Strategic Management In Tourism Edited by LUIZ MOUTINHO AND ALFONSO VARGAS SÁNCHEZ COMPLIMENTARY TEACHING MATERIALS CABI TOURISM TEXTS CHAPTER 19 Tourism Resources and Sustainability Dawn Gibson CABI TOURISM TEXTS LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this chapter you will be able to: Define sustainable tourism and identify natural and cultural tourism resources; Evaluate mass tourism, ecotourism and community based tourism and their potential for sustainable tourism development; Define pro-poor tourism (PPT) and explain some of the benefits of PPT for poor marginalized communities; Discuss the sustainable management of tourism resources and potential sustainability tools. CABI TOURISM TEXTS CABI TOURISM TEXTS Sustainable tourism Aims to maintain a balance between protecting the environment; Maintains cultural integrity and establishes social justice; Promotes economic benefits; Meets the needs of the host population in terms of improving living standards both in the short and long term throughout the globe; and Maintains inter and intra-generational equity (Liu., 2003) and viability of the destination for the foreseeable future (Butler, 1993). 1 CABI TOURISM TEXTS Tourism resources Tourism consists of two main types of resources, namely attractions and infrastructure or support services. Attractions vary and can include natural, cultural and built sites as well as special events and festivals, or be associated with recreational activities (Weaver and Lawton, 2014) (see Fig. 19.1). The tourism inventory also includes accommodation, restaurants, transport and other support services. 1 CABI TOURISM TEXTS An inventory of tourist attractions – Natural 2 (Source: Weaver and Lawton, 2006, p.130). CABI TOURISM TEXTS An inventory of tourist attractions – Cultural 2 (Source: Weaver and Lawton, 2006, p.130). CABI TOURISM TEXTS Sustainable tourism – difficult to define 2 ‘To the tourist industry, it means that development is appropriate; to the conservationist, it means that principles articulated a century ago are once again in vogue; to the environmentalist, it provides a justification for the preservation of significant environments from development; and to the politician, it provides an opportunity to use words rather than actions’ (Butler, 1999, p. 11). The World Tourism Organisation (WTO) defined sustainable tourism development as meeting: ‘...the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems” (WTO, 2001, cited in Liu,