Cyber law for engineers Dr. N. Sandeep Varma,

Any New Business Setup Legal and Practical problems should be understood.
Market Research Have to be done
Involve financial commitment
Agreement between parties which are enforceable under law
Entrepreneur should be aware w.r.t the business and the transactions
Prepare terms and conditions of the contract which are profitable and favorable.
Can be a single owner proprietary business, partnership business with the firm name, Private Limited Company, or as a Public Limited Company.<br>

Types of E-Commerce Image Source : Internet<br>

Various Modes of E-Commerce Advertising
Sale
Lease or License of tangible products
Shrink-wrapped products
Software
Compact Disks
Books
Machinery etc.,
Intangible Contents
Software Downloads
Digitized Music
E-Newspapers
Photos and Services by online databases<br>

Mechanism of Internet Operation All Machines are connected to Network using IP protocol.
Internet also has its own IP number.
IP – Domain Name for convenience.
Data communication will be in the form of packets.
Packet contains header as well as data part.
Format and Transmission is through use of several protocols (TCP/IP, FTP, TFTP….)
Data packet is encrypted for better security.
Packets take shortest route for the destination.<br>

Type of Players in E-Commerce The Network Provider
The Internet Service Provider
The User
The Website
The Payment Provider
The Payment System Provider
The Software Architects
The Advertiser
The Content Provider
The Back-End Systems
Search Engines (Yahoo/ AltaVista/ Bing..) The tax system should be structured around these players

Also tax revenue should be evolved according to interaction between them for the services they provide and the revenue they can generate<br>

Web Development and Web Hosting Development and Hosting relationship encompass a broad range of substantive relationship.
Customer Obtain the following services
File Conversions, HTML documents, Graphics, Photos
Web Design (Look and Feel), logos, banners, navigation bars, page layout, object placement
Coding HTML pages, CGI scripts, Java Applets
Integration of Web APIs, Chat Engines, Search Engines, Third Party Applications
Back-end System, Integration with legacy systems.<br>

Web Hosting The provider will not manipulate content on the servers.
They provide space for the servers in chain, fenced within ‘cages’.
Provides the server and software in additional to the Internet connection.
Co-branding ( Dell Says “Intel Inside”)
Outsourcing functionalities to third party provider.<br>

Types of Websites For the purpose of jurisdiction the websites are classified as
Passive and Interactive Sites – Just Ready only format.
Interactive Sites – Ecommerce / Data Entry

ISSUES
Companies do not maintain offices where the lawsuit was brought
Trademark infringements
Internet advertisement by itself was not sufficient to confer personal jurisdiction upon a defendant
Passive Websites cannot be the basis for jurisdiction.
E-mail address does not always indicate or specify the geo-graphical address of the sender.<br>

Types of Websites Solutions
Independent rule should govern the jurisdiction on the internet.
Uniform law should govern the cyberspace transaction should be easier,
Parties should be given choice of law under contract
Forum of Law should be a preferred choice for the parities
Ex. Commercial Transaction must create online agreement about jurisdictions where they will be litigated and which law will apply<br>