INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION Technology is
Description: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION Technology is the knowledge of tools, techniques, systems to solve a problem or serve some purpose. The word technology comes from Greek word technología; téchnē, meaning art, skill, craft, and logia
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slide1. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY<br>
slide2. INTRODUCTION Technology is the knowledge of tools, techniques, systems to solve a problem or serve some purpose.
The word technology comes from Greek word technología;
téchnē, meaning "art, skill, craft", and logia meaning "study of-“
has affected society and its surroundings in a number of ways.
Information helps in the process of knowledge and knowledge is regarded as power.
Technology makes information gathering fast and easy.
Created a new branch called Information Technology (IT).
It involves the processing of information by a computer.<br>
slide3. INFORMATION Information can be defined as data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the recipient and is of real value in current or future actions.
Data is a fact or symbol stored in a predefined format.
Knowledge is the ability to use information in doing something.
Data is the lowest level of abstraction, information is the next level, and finally, knowledge is the highest level among all three.<br>
slide4. INFORMATION<br>
slide5. Characteristics of information Meaning
Relevance
Conciseness
Accuracy
Timeliness
Complete<br>
slide6. Need for information Information and Decision-making
Information and Communication
Information and Knowledge
Information and Productivity<br>
slide7. TECHNOLOGY Science used for practical purposes.
Technology comprises specific information and knowledge.
Some of the advantages of technology are discussed below:
Makes work easy
Speed
Innovative<br>
slide8. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) It is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by combination of computing and telecommunications.<br>
slide9. Components of Information Technology People
Procedures
Software
Hardware
Data<br>
slide10. Components of Information Technology<br>
slide11. Present Scenario of IT The scenario of IT is described in the following four headings:
Commoditisation and Consumerisation
Tera-Architectures and Virtualisation
New Development and Acquisition and Delivery Models
Community and Collaboration<br>
slide12. Commoditisation and Consumerisation The impact of commoditisation and consumerisation of IT on enterprise technology and business as a whole will be far greater than anyone could have ever predicted due, in the main, to two factors:
The commoditization of the PC is enabling new enterprise architectures
Technology-enabled consumer power is forcing businesses to become more agile and update their legacy systems<br>
slide13. Commoditization of the PC Over the past thirty years, as the personal computer has gone from technical marvel to part of our everyday lives, it has also become a commodity.
The PC has become a commodity in the sense that there is very little differentiation between computers, and the primary factor that controls their sale is their price.
Hundreds of manufacturers all over the world now create parts for personal computers.
Dozens of companies buy these parts and assemble the computers. As commodities, there are essentially no differences between computers made by these different companies. Profit margins for personal computers are razor-thin, leading hardware developers to find the lowest-cost manufacturing.<br>
slide14. Enterprise Architecture Enterprise architecture (EA) is "a well-defined practice for conducting enterprise analysis, design, planning, and implementation, using a holistic approach at all times, for the successful development and execution of strategy.
Enterprise architecture applies architecture principles and practices to guide organizations through the business, information, process, and technology changes necessary to execute their strategies. These practices utilize the various aspects of an enterprise to identify, motivate, and achieve these changes<br>
slide15. Scope of Enterprise Architecure Perspectives, or beliefs, held by enterprise architecture practitioners and scholars, with regards to the meaning of the enterprise architecture, typically gravitate towards one or a hybrid of three schools of thought:[10]<br>
slide16. Enterprise IT design The purpose of EA is the greater alignment between IT and business concerns. The main purpose of enterprise architecture is to guide the process of planning and design the IT/IS capabilities of an enterprise in order to meet desired organizational objectives. Typically, architecture proposals and decisions are limited to the IT/IS aspects of the enterprise; other aspects only serve as inputs<br>
slide17. Enterprise integrating According to this school, the purpose of EA is to achieve greater coherency between the various concerns of an enterprise (HR, IT, Operations, etc.) including the linking between strategy formulation and execution. Typically, architecture proposals and decisions encompass all the aspects of the enterprise.<br>
slide18. Enterprise ecological adaptation The purpose of EA is to foster and maintain the learning capabilities of enterprises so that they may be sustainable. Consequently, a great deal of emphasis is put on improving the capabilities of the enterprise to improve itself, to innovate and to coevolve with its environment. Typically, proposals and decisions encompass both the enterprise and its environment.<br>
slide19. One’s belief with regards to the meaning of enterprise architecture will impact how one sees its purpose, its scope, the means of achieving it, the skills needed to conduct it, and the locus of responsibility for conducting it[10]<br>
slide20. Tera-Architectures and Virtualisation Demand for infrastructure capacity will increase a hundredfold over the next ten years.
The trend is increasingly towards tera-architectures which combine with virtualisation technology to establish highly distributed systems from many low-cost components.
Virtualisation is breaking the direct link, which has existed for many years, between the physical devices and their usage. Virtualization allows greater utilisation levels, delivering improved efficiency and greater flexibility.
Virtualisation and tera-architectures support the model of the real-time enterprise (RTE) – business that uses a real-time IT infrastructure to sense opportunities and problems faster and responds to them more quickly.
People-intensive functions are increasingly automated, extending across entire domains over time. This automation leads to improved efficiency, quality, cost structure and agility, ultimately transitioning purchase models to a utility or service model.<br>
slide21. New Development and Acquisition and Delivery Models The move in software development is towards open source which allows to meet the local demand.<br>
slide22. Community and Collaboration With commoditisation and consumerisation come not only revolutionary changes in enterprise IT but also life-altering changes to the way we interact with the wider world.
Docking station
Web 2.0<br>
slide23. Role of Information Technology significant impact in research and development.
The research is being carried out in networking, computing, data representation and many other areas for exploring the existing methodologies.
Education is changing with the advent of new interactive online learning technologies and multimedia electronic libraries, which help in improving the sharking of knowledge and education practices
The major areas impacted by the advent of IT include library, business, media, education and so forth.<br>
slide24. IT in Library A brief description of impact of ICTs on library and information services are listed below:
The implementation of ICT in the libraries has demanded new forms of library services to get more user satisfaction. Digital library service has evolved after the implementation of ICT in the library and information centers
Encourages participation and interaction by the user with the library in an Internet environment called web 2.0. An example of this could be a library setting up an RSS.
Offering podcast of library instruction (or audio-guided tours of the library) could be another example.<br>
slide25. IT in Library Libraries have to acquire, organize, distribute and preserve information in digital formats
Library service have become web-based and information services electronic.
Strength of library is measured not on the basis of its collection but on the basis of its capacity in accessing and retrieving documents globally<br>
slide26. IT in Management It is believed that IT has and will continue to revolutionize management. A few contributions of IT in management is given below:
Creates new relationships between customers and suppliers who electronically link themselves together.
Presents the opportunity for electronic commerce, which reduces purchasing cycle times, increases the exposure of suppliers to customers, and creates greater convenience for buyers.
Enables tremendous efficiencies in production and service industries through electronic data interchange to facilitate just-in-time production.<br>
slide27. IT in Management… Provides mechanisms through groupware for coordinating work and creating a knowledge base of organizational intelligence.
Makes it possible for the organization to capture the knowledge of its employees and provide access to it through the organization
Provides the manager with electronic alternatives to face-to-face communications and supervision.
Provide developing countries with opportunities to compete with the industrialized nations<br>
slide28. IT in Media With the advent of information technology, two powerful forces have emerged to change the media.
The first is the use of computers used as a means of processing and analyzing information.
The second is the constantly accelerating capacity of the technology to enhance communication in areas such as entertainment and social awakening.<br>
slide29. IT in Print Media The print media is the most widespread of the media technology. It remains the widely adopted, portable, flexible and economical media. The most common example of print media is newspaper and book.<br>
slide30. IT in Electronic Media Despite the growing popularity of the Internet, radio and television still represent the mode through which people around the world receive information about national and international events.
Multimedia applications are increasingly been used as part of global revolution in electronic media.<br>
slide31. IT in Education ICTs can be defined as a “diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information.”<br>
slide32. Electronic Learning (e-learning) Although most commonly associated with higher education and corporate training, e-learning encompasses learning at all levels, both formal and non-formal, that uses an information network—the Internet, an intranet (LAN) or extranet (WAN)—w<br>
slide33. Blended Learning It is refers to learning models that combine traditional classroom practice with e-learning solutions. For example, students in a traditional class can be assigned both print-based and online materials, have online mentoring sessions with their teacher through chat, and are subscribed to a class email list.
A Web-based training course can be enhanced by periodic face-to-face instruction<br>
slide34. Open and distance learning “a way of providing learning opportunities that is characterized by the separation of teacher and learner in time or place, or both time and place; learning that is certified in some way by an institution or agency; the use of a variety of media, including print and electronic; two-way communications that allow learners and tutors to interact; the possibility of occasional face-to-face meetings; and a specialized division of labor in the production and delivery of courses.”<br>
slide35. The Promise of ICTs in Education ICTs have the potential for increasing access to and improving the relevance and quality of education.
The new communications technologies promise to reduce that sense of isolation<br>
slide36. How can ICTs help expand access to education? Anytime,
Access to remote learning resources anywhere
IT in Publication<br>
slide37. Questions What is information? What are its characteristics?
Explain the need of information in our lives
What is technology? Give some examples of areas where technology is being used.
Describe the essential components of Information Technology?
Explain in your own words the advantage and impact of IT in our lives.<br>
slide2. INTRODUCTION Technology is the knowledge of tools, techniques, systems to solve a problem or serve some purpose.
The word technology comes from Greek word technología;
téchnē, meaning "art, skill, craft", and logia meaning "study of-“
has affected society and its surroundings in a number of ways.
Information helps in the process of knowledge and knowledge is regarded as power.
Technology makes information gathering fast and easy.
Created a new branch called Information Technology (IT).
It involves the processing of information by a computer.<br>
slide3. INFORMATION Information can be defined as data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the recipient and is of real value in current or future actions.
Data is a fact or symbol stored in a predefined format.
Knowledge is the ability to use information in doing something.
Data is the lowest level of abstraction, information is the next level, and finally, knowledge is the highest level among all three.<br>
slide4. INFORMATION<br>
slide5. Characteristics of information Meaning
Relevance
Conciseness
Accuracy
Timeliness
Complete<br>
slide6. Need for information Information and Decision-making
Information and Communication
Information and Knowledge
Information and Productivity<br>
slide7. TECHNOLOGY Science used for practical purposes.
Technology comprises specific information and knowledge.
Some of the advantages of technology are discussed below:
Makes work easy
Speed
Innovative<br>
slide8. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) It is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by combination of computing and telecommunications.<br>
slide9. Components of Information Technology People
Procedures
Software
Hardware
Data<br>
slide10. Components of Information Technology<br>
slide11. Present Scenario of IT The scenario of IT is described in the following four headings:
Commoditisation and Consumerisation
Tera-Architectures and Virtualisation
New Development and Acquisition and Delivery Models
Community and Collaboration<br>
slide12. Commoditisation and Consumerisation The impact of commoditisation and consumerisation of IT on enterprise technology and business as a whole will be far greater than anyone could have ever predicted due, in the main, to two factors:
The commoditization of the PC is enabling new enterprise architectures
Technology-enabled consumer power is forcing businesses to become more agile and update their legacy systems<br>
slide13. Commoditization of the PC Over the past thirty years, as the personal computer has gone from technical marvel to part of our everyday lives, it has also become a commodity.
The PC has become a commodity in the sense that there is very little differentiation between computers, and the primary factor that controls their sale is their price.
Hundreds of manufacturers all over the world now create parts for personal computers.
Dozens of companies buy these parts and assemble the computers. As commodities, there are essentially no differences between computers made by these different companies. Profit margins for personal computers are razor-thin, leading hardware developers to find the lowest-cost manufacturing.<br>
slide14. Enterprise Architecture Enterprise architecture (EA) is "a well-defined practice for conducting enterprise analysis, design, planning, and implementation, using a holistic approach at all times, for the successful development and execution of strategy.
Enterprise architecture applies architecture principles and practices to guide organizations through the business, information, process, and technology changes necessary to execute their strategies. These practices utilize the various aspects of an enterprise to identify, motivate, and achieve these changes<br>
slide15. Scope of Enterprise Architecure Perspectives, or beliefs, held by enterprise architecture practitioners and scholars, with regards to the meaning of the enterprise architecture, typically gravitate towards one or a hybrid of three schools of thought:[10]<br>
slide16. Enterprise IT design The purpose of EA is the greater alignment between IT and business concerns. The main purpose of enterprise architecture is to guide the process of planning and design the IT/IS capabilities of an enterprise in order to meet desired organizational objectives. Typically, architecture proposals and decisions are limited to the IT/IS aspects of the enterprise; other aspects only serve as inputs<br>
slide17. Enterprise integrating According to this school, the purpose of EA is to achieve greater coherency between the various concerns of an enterprise (HR, IT, Operations, etc.) including the linking between strategy formulation and execution. Typically, architecture proposals and decisions encompass all the aspects of the enterprise.<br>
slide18. Enterprise ecological adaptation The purpose of EA is to foster and maintain the learning capabilities of enterprises so that they may be sustainable. Consequently, a great deal of emphasis is put on improving the capabilities of the enterprise to improve itself, to innovate and to coevolve with its environment. Typically, proposals and decisions encompass both the enterprise and its environment.<br>
slide19. One’s belief with regards to the meaning of enterprise architecture will impact how one sees its purpose, its scope, the means of achieving it, the skills needed to conduct it, and the locus of responsibility for conducting it[10]<br>
slide20. Tera-Architectures and Virtualisation Demand for infrastructure capacity will increase a hundredfold over the next ten years.
The trend is increasingly towards tera-architectures which combine with virtualisation technology to establish highly distributed systems from many low-cost components.
Virtualisation is breaking the direct link, which has existed for many years, between the physical devices and their usage. Virtualization allows greater utilisation levels, delivering improved efficiency and greater flexibility.
Virtualisation and tera-architectures support the model of the real-time enterprise (RTE) – business that uses a real-time IT infrastructure to sense opportunities and problems faster and responds to them more quickly.
People-intensive functions are increasingly automated, extending across entire domains over time. This automation leads to improved efficiency, quality, cost structure and agility, ultimately transitioning purchase models to a utility or service model.<br>
slide21. New Development and Acquisition and Delivery Models The move in software development is towards open source which allows to meet the local demand.<br>
slide22. Community and Collaboration With commoditisation and consumerisation come not only revolutionary changes in enterprise IT but also life-altering changes to the way we interact with the wider world.
Docking station
Web 2.0<br>
slide23. Role of Information Technology significant impact in research and development.
The research is being carried out in networking, computing, data representation and many other areas for exploring the existing methodologies.
Education is changing with the advent of new interactive online learning technologies and multimedia electronic libraries, which help in improving the sharking of knowledge and education practices
The major areas impacted by the advent of IT include library, business, media, education and so forth.<br>
slide24. IT in Library A brief description of impact of ICTs on library and information services are listed below:
The implementation of ICT in the libraries has demanded new forms of library services to get more user satisfaction. Digital library service has evolved after the implementation of ICT in the library and information centers
Encourages participation and interaction by the user with the library in an Internet environment called web 2.0. An example of this could be a library setting up an RSS.
Offering podcast of library instruction (or audio-guided tours of the library) could be another example.<br>
slide25. IT in Library Libraries have to acquire, organize, distribute and preserve information in digital formats
Library service have become web-based and information services electronic.
Strength of library is measured not on the basis of its collection but on the basis of its capacity in accessing and retrieving documents globally<br>
slide26. IT in Management It is believed that IT has and will continue to revolutionize management. A few contributions of IT in management is given below:
Creates new relationships between customers and suppliers who electronically link themselves together.
Presents the opportunity for electronic commerce, which reduces purchasing cycle times, increases the exposure of suppliers to customers, and creates greater convenience for buyers.
Enables tremendous efficiencies in production and service industries through electronic data interchange to facilitate just-in-time production.<br>
slide27. IT in Management… Provides mechanisms through groupware for coordinating work and creating a knowledge base of organizational intelligence.
Makes it possible for the organization to capture the knowledge of its employees and provide access to it through the organization
Provides the manager with electronic alternatives to face-to-face communications and supervision.
Provide developing countries with opportunities to compete with the industrialized nations<br>
slide28. IT in Media With the advent of information technology, two powerful forces have emerged to change the media.
The first is the use of computers used as a means of processing and analyzing information.
The second is the constantly accelerating capacity of the technology to enhance communication in areas such as entertainment and social awakening.<br>
slide29. IT in Print Media The print media is the most widespread of the media technology. It remains the widely adopted, portable, flexible and economical media. The most common example of print media is newspaper and book.<br>
slide30. IT in Electronic Media Despite the growing popularity of the Internet, radio and television still represent the mode through which people around the world receive information about national and international events.
Multimedia applications are increasingly been used as part of global revolution in electronic media.<br>
slide31. IT in Education ICTs can be defined as a “diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information.”<br>
slide32. Electronic Learning (e-learning) Although most commonly associated with higher education and corporate training, e-learning encompasses learning at all levels, both formal and non-formal, that uses an information network—the Internet, an intranet (LAN) or extranet (WAN)—w<br>
slide33. Blended Learning It is refers to learning models that combine traditional classroom practice with e-learning solutions. For example, students in a traditional class can be assigned both print-based and online materials, have online mentoring sessions with their teacher through chat, and are subscribed to a class email list.
A Web-based training course can be enhanced by periodic face-to-face instruction<br>
slide34. Open and distance learning “a way of providing learning opportunities that is characterized by the separation of teacher and learner in time or place, or both time and place; learning that is certified in some way by an institution or agency; the use of a variety of media, including print and electronic; two-way communications that allow learners and tutors to interact; the possibility of occasional face-to-face meetings; and a specialized division of labor in the production and delivery of courses.”<br>
slide35. The Promise of ICTs in Education ICTs have the potential for increasing access to and improving the relevance and quality of education.
The new communications technologies promise to reduce that sense of isolation<br>
slide36. How can ICTs help expand access to education? Anytime,
Access to remote learning resources anywhere
IT in Publication<br>
slide37. Questions What is information? What are its characteristics?
Explain the need of information in our lives
What is technology? Give some examples of areas where technology is being used.
Describe the essential components of Information Technology?
Explain in your own words the advantage and impact of IT in our lives.<br>