Introduction to Special Needs and Inclusive

Transcript:Introduction to Special Needs and Inclusive:
Introduction to Special Needs and Inclusive Education Chapter One Basic Concepts in Special Needs Education Activity 1 Define impairment, disability, and handicap in your own words 2. Discuss the difference between impairment and disability 3. Discuss the difference between disability and handicap 1.1. Definitions of basic Terms and concepts Impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function. (e.g., a missing limb) Impairments are problems in body function or structure as a significant deviation or loss. Body functions are the physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functions) Impairments represent a deviation from certain generally accepted population standards. The presence of impairments do not necessarily indicate that a disease is present or that the individual should be regarded as sick. Impairments can be temporary or permanent; progressive, regressive or static; intermittent or continuous. Disability is any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. Disability is a condition caused by an accident, trauma, genetics or disease that may limit a person’s mobility, hearing, vision, speech or cognitive function. It is incapacity recognized by law as limiting or preventing, for example, mobility. A disability exists when an impairment limits a person’s ability to perform certain tasks (e.g., walk, see, etc) It can be also be defined as a functional limitation Major Life Activity Basic activity that the average person in the general population can perform with little or no difficulty Caring for one’s self Performing manual tasks Walking, talking, seeing, hearing, speaking, sleeping, standing, working, lifting, bending, breathing, speaking, learning, concentrating, thinking, major bodily functions, etc. Definition of Disability in Ethiopia Following the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Labour Organization (ILO) definitions on disability, “Disability” is defined as follows in Ethiopia: “A disabled person is any person unable to ensure by himself or herself a normal life, as a result of deficiency in his or her physical or mental capabilities” Persons with disabilities are those who, because of limitations of normal physical or mental health, is unable to earn their livelihood and do not have anyone to support them; and shall include any persons who is unable to earn their livelihood because they are too young or too old (Nagarit Gazeta, Order No. 70 of 1970). A person who is disabled is one who is unable to