Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models for
Description: Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models for Adult ADHD Grigoris Antoniou Leeds beckett university Motivation Ive been prescribed with methylphenidate but recently Ive been experiencing severe insomnia. This is a common side effect of
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slide1. Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models for Adult ADHD Grigoris Antoniou
Leeds beckett university<br>
slide2. Motivation I’ve been prescribed with methylphenidate but recently I’ve been experiencing severe insomnia. This is a common side effect of methylphenidate. Are there stimulants with similar effects but less frequent reports of insomnia?
Web Search (not so reliable)
Publications on stimulants and insomnia
58 results only on adult ADHD!
Clinical Trials that tested stimulants on adults with ADHD (18 results)
Medication with similar response but less effects on sleep (sources?)<br>
slide3. I need HELP! I’ve been prescribed with methylphenidate but recently I’ve been experiencing severe insomnia. This is a common side effect of methylphenidate. Are there stimulants with similar effects but less frequent reports of insomnia?
Web Search (not so reliable)
Publications on stimulants and insomnia
58 results only on adult ADHD!
Clinical Trials that tested stimulants on adults with ADHD (18 results)
Medication with similar response but less effects on sleep (sources?) Answering this question requires plenty of manual effort.
Retrieve and link information from different medical resources.
Can AI-powered methods automate this process?
ADHD-specific Knowledge Graph<br>
slide4. KGs in Medical Sciences A collection of interlinked concepts, relations and events
Extensively used in medical domains
Knowledge representation
Integration of multiple medical resources
Searching about things not strings
Knowledge discovery, denoising, forecasting and much more…<br>
slide5. Data Resources for ADHD-KG PubMed
Publications in biomedical and life sciences
Clinical trials
Repository of medical studies
DrugBank
Detailed collection of drug data with drug target information.
SIDER
Collection of recorded adverse effects caused by marketed medicine
MeSH
Extensive thesaurus of medical concepts<br>
slide6. Information Linking Direct: explicit references to resources
Clinical trials might cite publications (vice versa)
Resources contain MeSH references MeSH: methylphenidate Publication: PID-123 C. Trial: CT-1 Ext. references: PID-123 Drug-id: ID-1
Name: methylphenidate
MeSH: methylphenidate DrugBank SIDER SIDER-id: ID-3
Name: methylphenidate
Ext. reference: Drug-id: ID-1
Side effect: Insomnia, 15%<br>
slide7. ADHD-KG Architecture<br>
slide8. Demonstration - Comorbidities Most frequent comorbid mental disorders found in ADHD literature
Traverse MeSH to retrieve labels of mental disorders
Filter publications that contain explicit references or semantic annotations referring to disorders<br>
slide9. Demonstration - Sleep Deprivation & Stimulants<br>
slide10. Demonstration - Medicines & Receptors<br>
slide11. GPT & Friends - Large Language Models Can engage in conversations with humans
Can be used for decision support and decision making
LLM in medicine
Can potentially assist clinicians in decision making
Can potentially provide advice to patients
But is it safe?<br>
slide12. Validation of LLM & ADHD-KG 1. Collect relevant queries from domain experts
Medical queries (medical researchers & clinicians)
Training queries (for doctors training to specialise on adult ADHD)
Lay person queries (for the general public)
2. Seek answers from various LLMs and from the ADHD-KG
3. Get domain experts evaluate the answers<br>
slide13. Outlook Combination of LLM and KG technology
LLM offers interface and can generate good answers
KG provides grounding and evidence to ensure correctness<br>
Leeds beckett university<br>
slide2. Motivation I’ve been prescribed with methylphenidate but recently I’ve been experiencing severe insomnia. This is a common side effect of methylphenidate. Are there stimulants with similar effects but less frequent reports of insomnia?
Web Search (not so reliable)
Publications on stimulants and insomnia
58 results only on adult ADHD!
Clinical Trials that tested stimulants on adults with ADHD (18 results)
Medication with similar response but less effects on sleep (sources?)<br>
slide3. I need HELP! I’ve been prescribed with methylphenidate but recently I’ve been experiencing severe insomnia. This is a common side effect of methylphenidate. Are there stimulants with similar effects but less frequent reports of insomnia?
Web Search (not so reliable)
Publications on stimulants and insomnia
58 results only on adult ADHD!
Clinical Trials that tested stimulants on adults with ADHD (18 results)
Medication with similar response but less effects on sleep (sources?) Answering this question requires plenty of manual effort.
Retrieve and link information from different medical resources.
Can AI-powered methods automate this process?
ADHD-specific Knowledge Graph<br>
slide4. KGs in Medical Sciences A collection of interlinked concepts, relations and events
Extensively used in medical domains
Knowledge representation
Integration of multiple medical resources
Searching about things not strings
Knowledge discovery, denoising, forecasting and much more…<br>
slide5. Data Resources for ADHD-KG PubMed
Publications in biomedical and life sciences
Clinical trials
Repository of medical studies
DrugBank
Detailed collection of drug data with drug target information.
SIDER
Collection of recorded adverse effects caused by marketed medicine
MeSH
Extensive thesaurus of medical concepts<br>
slide6. Information Linking Direct: explicit references to resources
Clinical trials might cite publications (vice versa)
Resources contain MeSH references MeSH: methylphenidate Publication: PID-123 C. Trial: CT-1 Ext. references: PID-123 Drug-id: ID-1
Name: methylphenidate
MeSH: methylphenidate DrugBank SIDER SIDER-id: ID-3
Name: methylphenidate
Ext. reference: Drug-id: ID-1
Side effect: Insomnia, 15%<br>
slide7. ADHD-KG Architecture<br>
slide8. Demonstration - Comorbidities Most frequent comorbid mental disorders found in ADHD literature
Traverse MeSH to retrieve labels of mental disorders
Filter publications that contain explicit references or semantic annotations referring to disorders<br>
slide9. Demonstration - Sleep Deprivation & Stimulants<br>
slide10. Demonstration - Medicines & Receptors<br>
slide11. GPT & Friends - Large Language Models Can engage in conversations with humans
Can be used for decision support and decision making
LLM in medicine
Can potentially assist clinicians in decision making
Can potentially provide advice to patients
But is it safe?<br>
slide12. Validation of LLM & ADHD-KG 1. Collect relevant queries from domain experts
Medical queries (medical researchers & clinicians)
Training queries (for doctors training to specialise on adult ADHD)
Lay person queries (for the general public)
2. Seek answers from various LLMs and from the ADHD-KG
3. Get domain experts evaluate the answers<br>
slide13. Outlook Combination of LLM and KG technology
LLM offers interface and can generate good answers
KG provides grounding and evidence to ensure correctness<br>