MODULE 3 Health in All Policies (HiAP) 3 Public

Transcript:MODULE 3 Health in All Policies (HiAP) 3 Public:
MODULE 3 Health in All Policies (HiAP) 3 Public health, hiap and its development Learning Objectives Define public health and HiAP Explain the origins and development of HiAP Recognize when to use a HiAP approach Distinguish the HiAP approach from other public policies Public health definition Public health refers to all organized efforts to prevent disease, promote health and prolong life among the population as a whole. Its activities aim to provide conditions in which people can be healthy and focus on entire populations, not on individual patients or diseases. Public health is concerned with the total system and not only the eradication of a particular disease. Public health functions The three main public health functions are: Assessment – monitor health; assess the population and investigate Policy development – inform, educate, empower; mobilize partnerships; develop polices Assurance – enforce laws; link to/provide care; assure competent workforce; evaluate. Public health activities HiAP is an approach to public policies across sectors that systematically takes into account the health implications of decisions, seeks synergies and avoids harmful health impacts in order to improve population health and health equity. WHO (2013) Helsinki Statement on Health in All Policies. WHO 8th Global Conference on Health Promotion. Definition of health in all policies (Hiap) Policy situations that favour a hiap approach Problem or issue is of major public health importance; Several considerations are useful to help prioritize which issues to address: Problem or issue is amenable to change and change is feasible. There is sound evidence that it can be tackled; and Potential solutions are politically and socially acceptable. Prioritizing of issues for hiap action Approaches to public health: ancient times For many centuries, explanations for disease were based not on science, but on religion, superstition, and myth. Around 400 BCE the idea of four bodily humours was established by Hippocrates. Greek medicine was based on these four humours – the imbalance of humours was the direct cause of all disease. Approaches to public health: the 19th century The 19th century marked a great advance in public health. The “sanitary-environmental approach” – focused on ensuring people lived and worked in healthy conditions: tied to HiAP. The “biomedical approach” – late 19th century: enter bacteriology. Early 20th century: move toward personal care. Approaches to public health: mid- 20th century and beyond “Social-behavioural approach”, which focuses on lifestyles and behavioural change drawing on psychological theories to reduce disease