PRESENTED BY MR. DEBAJIT HAZARIKA DEPARTMENT OF

Transcript:PRESENTED BY MR. DEBAJIT HAZARIKA DEPARTMENT OF:
PRESENTED BY MR. DEBAJIT HAZARIKA DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY TOPIC: NATURE AND SCOPE OF PHILOSOPHY MEANING OF PHILOSOPHY : The word ‘Philosophy is coming from two greek words, ‘philos’ and ‘sophia’. Philos means ‘love’ and sophia means ‘wisdom’. Philosophy literally means ‘love of wisdom’ or ‘pursuit of knowledge’. Philosophy means nothing more than the pursuit of knowledge of the external worlds. Philosophy in the real sense, is the study of the highest branch of knowledge which aims at harmonizing and systematizing all truths and arriving at a rational conception of the reality as a whole, both in its eternal and temporal aspects. DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY From Epistemological perspective; A) According to Kant, “Philosophy is the science and criticism of cognition”. B) According to Fichte, “Philosophy is the science of knowledge”. From Metaphysical or ontological perspective: A) According to Plato, “Philosophy aims at the knowledge of the eternal, of the essential nature of things”. B) According to Aristotle, “Philosophy is the science which investigates the nature of Being as in itself, and the attributes which belong to it in virtue of its own nature”. From Scientific perspective: A) According to Comte, “philosophy is the science of sciences”. B) According to Paulson, “Philosophy is the sum total of all scientific knowledge”. SCOPE OF PHILOSOPHY By the scope of philosophy is means the province, domain or field of philosophy. Philosophy gives us knowledge of the universe as a whole. It does not leave out of account any item of knowledge that the human mind may be connected with. Therefore, the scope of philosophy is widest. There are generally three parts of philosophy viz., 1. Epistemology (The theory of knowledge). 2. Metaphysics or ontology (The study of Being or reality) 3. Axiology (The theory of values). They are taken under the scope of philosophy. EPISTEMOLOGY Epistemology is one of the main branch of philosophy which discusses about the nature of knowledge; its sources, validity, ways to attain knowledge, conditions of knowledge. METAPHYSICS OR ONTOLOGY Metaphysics is the study about reality. Philosophy accepts existence of two world- Phenomenal or real and transcendental or noumenal world. The branch which specially studies noumenal world is known as metaphysics. The subject matter of metaphysics is God, Soul, Reality, Causality etc. And Philisophy also studies these all as a whole. AXIOLOGY Axiology is the study of value. Good,Beauty and Truth are the norms or values of Ethics, Aesthetic and Logic