Whooping cough (pertusis) Introduction Pertusis, also known as whooping cough is a highly contagious bacterial disease mainly caused by bordetella pertusis. It is characterized by severe coughing spells which can sometimes end in a whooping
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Presentation Transcript
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Whooping cough (pertusis)<br>
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Introduction Pertusis, also known as whooping cough is a highly contagious bacterial disease mainly caused by bordetella pertusis.
It is characterized by severe coughing spells which can sometimes end in a whooping sound when the person breathes in.
Whooping cough is also known as 100 days cough.
Habbit Pattrens of coughing may longer or subsequent weeks and mouth, so Chinese call it 100 days cough.<br>
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Definition Pertusis is acute highly contagious disease which cause classic spasm of uncontrollable coughing, that is violent and persistence followed by a sharp, high pitched intake of air which characteristic “WHOOP” sound.
Chidren who have typically illness of pertusis try to take deep breath between cough result in whooping sound.<br>
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Agent Agents of pertusis are
Bordetella pertusis
Bordetella parapertusis
Haemophylus haemolyticus
Adeno virus
Bronchi septic
Incubation period
it is typically seven to ten days in infants or young children after which there are mild respiratory symptoms of mild cough, sneezing, or runny nose.<br>
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Mode of transmission Tiny droplets that comes from mouth and nose of infected patients.
Respiratory aerosole
close contact
it spreads through close contact with oral secretions or respiratory droplets. so it is easily spread through the cough, especially when the patient when the people are in close contact like living in the same house with a person who has often whooping cough. it can also be spread through Sneezes.<br>
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Age group and sex It is primarily disease of preschooler and may occur in infants, newborn, pregnant lady.
Preschooler are responsible for about 50% of total case.
It is more common in females then males, and single attack confers life long immunity.
Enviranmental factors
Pertusis spread throughout year but more cases found in winter/spring season
Over crowding place
Low sanitation area, poor environmental hygiene
Person with decreased immunity
Unimmunized person against whooping cough<br>
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Pathogenesis Causative agent B Pertusis
Liberate numbers of antigen and toxins
Pathological changes in the respiratory tract. (Naso pharynx to bronchioles )
Inflammatory response to mucus and secretions appear
Local epithelium damage and symptoms appear
Pertusis disease<br>
Cattrhal stages
Fever, rhinitis, sneezing, anorexia, Nausia and vomiting, lacrimation and irritating cough at night.<br>
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Stage II Paroxysmal stage Cough means in paraxymus and is accompanied by vomiting.
A typical attacked consists of repeated series of many cough in expiration followed by sudden deep, violent inspiration with characterize crowing sound whoop.
Ulcer of franulum of tongue
Sweating
congestion of neck and scalp vein.
patient appears suffocated with congested red face with or without cyanosis.
Mouth opener periorbital edema
subconjunctival hemorrhage
conversions may be present<br>
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Stage III Convulscent stage Disturbing cough and vomiting stops and and appetite improves
Habit pattern of coughing may be longer to several weeks and month.
Complications
Otitis media
Pneumonia
Atelectasis
Bronchiectasis
Empysema<br>
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Neurological complications Intracranial hemorrhage
Seizures
Paralysis
Heamiplagia
Encephalopathy
Rectal prolapse
Malnutrion due to vomiting<br>
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Diagnostic evaluation Producers is difficulty to diagnose because coughing may be due to common cold Bronchitis are chest infection
for acute diagnosis
CBC lymphocytosis increased
chest X Ray
ALISA to detect igM igG igA
nasopharyngeal swab<br>
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Prevention and control Active Immunization is best preventive measure for pertusis
DPT vaccine 0.5ml.im 5 dose
DPT 1st dose – 6 weeks
DPT 2nd dose – 10 weeks
DPT 3rd dose – 14 weeks
DPT 1st booster 16-18 dose
Dpt 2nd dose booster- 5yrs<br>
Health education Emphasis should be placed on minimising exposure to susceptible person specially infant.
Isolation and restriction of case should be excluded from work School preschool and child Care Centres.
Regular health checkup.
Educate pregnant women to keep distance to such cases.
Active immunization.
cover your mouth during cough and sneeze.<br>
