Evolution Gradual change in the genetics of a species/population over time; how descendants - PowerPoint Presentation

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2. EvolutionGradual change in the genetics of a species/population over time; how descendants differ from their ancestors.Evolution & Natural Selection Vocabulary

3. Types of SelectionArtificial SelectionSelection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms, Ex. Dog Breeding

4. Types of SelectionNatural SelectionProcess by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce successfully

5. How to SurviveStruggle for ExistenceFitnessAdaptationCompetition among members of a species for food, living space, and the other necessities of lifeAbility of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environmentInherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival

6. Question: Do you think that there is a struggle for existence between humans?

7. Example of natural selection, adaptations, fitness and the struggle for existence.Peppered MothPeppered Moth Evolution

8. Ancestry / Evidence of EvolutionDescent with ModificationCommon DescentPrinciple that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over timePrinciple that all living things have a common ancestorEvolution - "Stated Clearly"Fossil RecordEvidence that organisms from the past are not the same as those found today; fossils show a progression of evolution.

9. AncestryVestigial OrgansA structure or organ that is useless today but an ancestor usedHomologous StructuresStructures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues; common ancestorGuess the Embryo

10. VariationGene PoolRelative FrequencyCombined genetic information of all the members of a particular populationNumber of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles occur

11. Question: Who is represented in the gene pool?

12. Selection (Not on notes page)DirectionalStabilizingDisruptiveForm of natural selection by which the center of the curve remains in its current position; occurs when individuals near the center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end (Ex. Birth weight)Form of natural selection in which the entire curve moves; occurs when individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve (Ex. Beak size)Form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two; occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle (Ex. Seed change)

13. Selection Genetic DriftFounder EffectGenetic EquilibriumRandom change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populationsLoss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population Situation in which allele frequencies remain constantTED Ed - Five Fingers of Evolution

14. How do we get separate species?SpeciationReproductive IsolationFormation of new speciesBehavioral IsolationSeparation of a species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspringForm of reproductive isolation in which two populations have differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevent them from interbreeding. Ex. Albatross, Birds of Paradise, Flamingos

15. How do we get separate species?Temporal IsolationGeographic IsolationForm of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of waterForm of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at different times. Ex: Flowering plants / Seasonal breedingSpeciation Mechanisms

16. What Darwin Never Knew - Part 1CC - Big History "Evolution"