Viruses are the smallest of the microbes Viruses can only replicate inside the living cells of the organisms they infect Viruses are capable of infecting all type of living forms from humans to bacteria ID: 809866
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CORONAVIRUS (COVID -19)
Slide2What is a virus?
Viruses are the smallest of the microbes.
Viruses can only replicate inside the living cells of the organisms they infect. Viruses are capable of infecting all type of living forms, from humans to bacteria.Viruses are made up of genetic material called DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protective protein coat called a capsid. The additional spikey coat surrounding the capsid is called an envelope.
Virus
Cross–section of a virus
Source: www.microbiologysociety.com
Slide3What is the Novel Coronavirus?
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses causing illness in animals and humans. They are known to cause respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in humans. The latest is the COVID-19.
The n
ovel coronavirus (COVID-19) was discovered in Wuhan in December 2019, when several people contracted pneumonia following an illness similar to the flu. On testing, researchers found a type of coronavirus they hadn’t seen before.
On viewing through a microscope, the virus looks like a crown. The name ‘Coronavirus’ is based on the Latin word for crown, ‘corona’.
A new strain of coronavirus, the virus was first
named ‘novel coronavirus’. As more information on the exact strain and diagnostic tests was found, scientists named it SARS-CoV-2.
The illness caused by this
virus is called COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019).
Source: World Health Organisation (WHO) / Queensland Government
Slide4How does coronavirus spread?
The virus probably emerged from an animal source (at a live animal market), but is now spreading from person to person.The virus is transmitted (within about 6 feet) through respiratory droplets when an infected person sneezes or coughs. These droplets land on surfaces and objects in the vicinity. The infection spreads if other people they touch these objects and then touch their own mouth, nose and eyes, or when they breathe in the droplets,
Once in the body, the virus begins to multiply and has an incubation period of 2 to 14 days.
While initial investigations suggest the virus may be present in feces in some cases, spread through this route is not a main feature of the outbreak.
Source: WHO / Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/ Hisperian Health Guides
Slide5What are its symptoms?
The most common symptoms are fever, tiredness, and a dry cough. The virus seems to start with a fever, followed by a dry cough after 2-7 days.
After a week, it leads to shortness of breath and breathing difficulties. Some patients may have aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat or diarrhea. In more severe cases, infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure and even death.
Source: WHO / CDC
Slide6Who does coronavirus infect?
People of all ages can be infected by the virus.
The disease appears to be relatively mild in children. Less than 3% have developed severe symptoms. There are no information on the severity of the disease amongst pregnant women. As they experience physiological change, they might be susceptible to the virus. The WHO is still learning about how COVID-2019 affects people. Severe symptoms may be developed by: Elderly persons
People with underlying health conditions (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease and cancer)
People with compromised
immune systems
Source: WHO /Hesperian Health Guides / ECDC/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD)
Slide7How can I protect myself?
People can protect themselves from respiratory illness with everyday preventive actions.
Avoid close contact with people who are sick.Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.Cover your nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing, using a tissue or your flexed elbow. Throw tissues into closed bins immediately after use.
Thoroughly cook meat and eggs.
Avoid unprotected contact with live farm animals.
Wash clothing with detergent and hot water.
Source: WHO / Hisperian Health Guides
Slide8Wash your hands often with soap and water, for at least 20 seconds each time. Use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol if soap and water are not available.
Clean frequently handled objects and surfaces with disinfectants. Facemasks should be used by people who show symptoms to help prevent the spread of the disease to others. The CDC does not recommend that healthy people wear masks.Stay home when you’re sick, except to get medical care.
Source: CDC
Slide9Is there treatment/a vaccine?
To date, there is no vaccine or antiviral medicine to prevent or treat COVID-2019. However, those affected should receive medical care to relieve symptoms.
Possible vaccines and some specific drug treatments are under investigation. They are being tested through clinical trials. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has approval from the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) to allow a combination of Lopinavir and Ritonavir — approved for AIDS treatment — to be used if the infection turns into an emergency condition. The testing sites for Coronavirus in Karnataka are:Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, Bangalore
National Institute of Virology Field Unit, Bangalore
Mysore Medical College & Research Institute, Mysore
Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan
Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shivamoga
Source: WHO / ICMR/ Economic Times
Slide10Travel information
Elderly travellers and people with illnesses should delay or avoid travel to affected areas.
Maintain a distance of one metre from persons showing symptoms. Personal hygiene includes frequent handwashing with soap and water or with an alcohol-based hand rub. Cover your nose and mouth with a flexed elbow or paper tissue when coughing or sneezing and dispose of the tissue immediately. A medical mask is not required if exhibiting no symptoms.
Travellers are advised to follow proper food hygiene practices, including the five keys for food safety.
Travellers returning from affected areas should self-monitor for symptoms for 14 days and follow national protocols. If symptoms occur, travellers are advised to contact local health care providers.
Source: WHO
Slide11Five keys for food safety
Slide12Handwashing Guide
Source: WHO
Slide13Myths
General video on Coronavirus by the WHO:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mOV1aBVYKGA&feature=emb_logo
Five keys for food safety:https://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/consumer/en/5keys_en.pdf?ua=1&ua=1Video on travel information:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0KBvReECRrI&feature=emb_titleDiagnostic tests: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/tool-virus-requests.html
Further
information
Slide16Thank you!