PPT-Quantifiers in Satisfiability

Modulo Theories Manchester 2009 Leonardo de Moura Microsoft Research Symbolic Reasoning Quantifiers in Satisfiability Modulo Theories PSpace complete QBF Undecidable Firstorder logic. Nested Quantifiers. Needed to express statements with multiple variables . Example 1. : “. x+y. = . y+x. for all real numbers” . . xy. (. x+y. = . y+x. ) . where the domains of . x. and . Logic and Proof. Fall . 2011. Sukumar Ghosh. Predicate Logic. Propositional logic has limitations. Consider this:. Is . x. . > 3. a proposition? No, it is a . predicate. . Call it . P(x. ). . Goal. : . Introduce predicate logic, . including existential . & universal quantification. Introduce translation between English sentences & logical expressions.. Copyright © Peter . Cappello. Propositional Logic Not Enough. Given the statements: . “All men are mortal.”. “Socrates is a man.”. It follows that “Socrates is mortal.”. This can’t be represented in propositional logic. . There are different types of determiners. . The . type of determiner depends on the type of noun. Singular nouns always need a determiner. Plural nouns the determiner is optional. Uncountable nouns the determiner is also optional. . Chapter 2. Predicates and quantifiers. Can be used to express the meaning of a. . wide range of statements. Allow us to reason and explore relationship between objects. 2. Predicates. statements involving variables, . Day 3, 1.4 Quantifiers. 1. 3. Predicates. A lot like functions that return . booleans. Let P(x) denote x<12. P(2) = . P(50) = . Let P(x, y, z) denote x-y<z. P(5, 4, 2) = . P(10, 5, 1) = . 4. Quantifiers. Chapter 1, Part II: Predicate Logic. With Question/Answer Animations. Summary. Predicate Logic (First-Order Logic (FOL), Predicate Calculus). The Language of Quantifiers. Logical Equivalences. Nested Quantifiers. Structures. Logic and Proof. Spring 2014. Sukumar Ghosh. Predicate Logic. Propositional logic has limitations. Consider this:. Is . x. . > 3. a proposition? No, it is a . predicate. . Call it . Dr. . Yasir Ali. Predicates. Quantifiers. . Universal Quantifiers . Existential Quantifiers. Negation of Quantifiers. Universal Conditional Statement. Negation of Universal Conditional. Multiple Quantifiers. Satisfiability. Modulo Theories . Frontiers . of . Computational Reasoning . 2009 . –. MSR Cambridge. Leonardo de Moura. Microsoft Research. Symbolic Reasoning. Quantifiers in . Satisfiability. Karem A. Sakallah. EECS Department. University of Michigan. João Marques Silva. Informatics Department. Technical University of Lisbon. IST/INESC, CEL. SAT tutorial. 2. Context. SAT is the quintessential NP-complete problem. Objectives. Identify English sentences that are statements.. Express statements using symbols.. Form the negation of a statement.. Express negations using symbols.. Translate a negation represented by symbols into English.. Fall . 2011. Sukumar Ghosh. Predicate Logic. Propositional logic has limitations. Consider this:. Is . x. . > 3. a proposition? No, it is a . predicate. . Call it . P(x. ). . P(4) . is true, but .