Lazar amp Matthew Lindenbaum Historical Background Oswald Avery Canadian born Graduated from Colgate University and received MD from Colombia University Colin MacLeod Canadian born Attended McGill University ID: 915054
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Slide1
Avery-MacLeod-McCarty
Spencer Lazar & Matthew Lindenbaum
Slide2Historical Background
Oswald AveryCanadian born
Graduated from Colgate University
, and received
MD from Colombia
University
Colin MacLeod
Canadian born
Attended McGill University
Maclyn
McCarty
Attended Stanford
University
, and
graduated Johns Hopkins Medical
School
They conducted their research
at
US Naval Lab from
1936-1944
Slide3Experiment
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty expanded the work of Frederick GriffithGriffith conducted his experiments in 1928
H
e inserted two
strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (virulent strain type III-S and non-virulent type II-R
) into mice
Found that
bacteria was transformed, but
he did not know the reason why or what the
transformation factor
was
Utilized similar techniques in order demonstrate transformation
Slide4Slide5Procedure
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty’s goal was to discover what the transformation factor was.
They used specific enzymes to remove the possible transforming factors individually.
When Avery,
MacLeod ,
and McCarty mixed
the heat killed, virulent III-S with the non-virulent II-R strain they saw that the non-
v
irulent strain was transformed into the virulent strain
The virulent properties were passed on
At the time, it was widely hypothesized that protein was the transformation factor, and not DNA
Slide6Contribution to field of biotechnology
Proved DNA was the transforming factorAvery, MacLeod, and McCarty shifted the focus from proteins to DNA
Future scientists focus on DNA because
Avery
,
MacLeod,
and
McCarty set
the
precedent
Their work was not acknowledged until years after their research.
It was not until after their experiments were repeated until people finally accepted that their results were valid
The
Nobel Foundation later expressed their regret for not awarding them a Nobel Piece Prize
Slide7Works cited
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tcyul43ac5chttp://www.austincc.edu/emeyerth/dnagen.htm
http://
www.worldlibrary.org/articles/avery-macleod-mccarty_experiment#Reception_and_legacy
http://
www.genome.gov/25520250
http://
www.genomenewsnetwork.org
/resources/timeline/1944_Avery.php