American Communist Party formed in 1919 c ommunist ideas frightened much of the public Palmer Raids 1919 resulted in the deportation and arrest of thousands n o evidence of revolutionary conspiracies uncovered ID: 709412
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Slide1
1920’s
Lecture NotesSlide2
Revolution Abroad and Reaction at Home
American
Communist Party
formed in 1919communist ideas frightened much of the publicPalmer Raids (1919) resulted in the deportation and arrest of thousandsno evidence of revolutionary conspiracies uncoveredSlide3
The “Red Scare”
Communism:
The government owns all land & propertySingle party controls the government Country takes priority over the individual Why would the United States see this as a threat?Slide4
The “Red Scare”
April 15, 1920 gunmen robbed and killed the guard and paymaster of a shoe factory in Massachusetts
Sacco and Vanzetti
trial (1920) exposed fears and suspicions of immigrantsBoth were found guilty and executed, despite lack of solid evidence and worldwide protestsSlide5
Labor Unrest
Red Scare fears led to growing hostility toward labor unions
Boston
police strike (1919) ended when Governor Calvin Coolidge called in National Guard, officers were replacedU.S. Steel Corporation strike (1919) was met with violence against striking workersJohn L. Lewis emerged as a leading labor figure during United Mine Workers strike (1919)Union membership dropped during the 1920sSlide6
Labor vs. Capital Cartoons
A series of labor strikes from 1919-1920 pitted workers demanding higher wages after the war vs. industrialists who viewed labor unions as the product of foreign-inspired anarchists and Communist agitators.
Majority of Americans sided with “capital”
Businesses Slide7
1920’s Popular Culture
The 1920’s saw the birth and development of many aspects of American culture:
Consumerism
TransportationMass MediaWomen’s Rights “Sports Mania”The Jazz AgeLiterature and Art Slide8
Prohibition & Crime
The 18th Amendment established
prohibition
terms were defined by the Volstead ActAmericans had little regard for the new law“speakeasies” and bootleggers supplied the public with alcoholrise of organized crime (Al Capone)Slide9
Fundamentalism and the Scopes Trial
Clash between tradition and scientific progress
“
fundamentalists” insisted on a literal interpretation of the BibleMany states had banned the teaching of evolutionJohn T. Scopes was placed on trial, found guiltyClarence Darrow vs. William Jennings Bryan Slide10
Ku Klux Klan
Resurgence in 1915
Colonel William J. Simmons –Methodist Preacher from Alabama
Use of fundraising and publicity methods NumbersGrew to 4 million followers in 1926 Not just a Southern organization Attacks against African Americans, Jews, Catholics, immigrants, etc. Slide11
Harlem in the Twenties
African Americans experienced an increased racial consciousness
NAACP
protested racial violenceJames Weldon Johnson led an anti-lynching campaignMore radical messages emergedMarcus Garvey’s “Back to Africa” movementSlide12
The Harlem Renaissance
Literary movement reflected
pride in African-American culture
Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, Zora Neale HurstonPhonograph ushered in the “Jazz Age”Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Bessie Smith