Aims, methods, results in brief28 The underdetermination problem ( - PDF document

Aims, methods, results in brief28 The underdetermination problem (paper I) Brostršm, L., Johansson, M. and Nielsen, M.K., ÒÔWhat the Patient WouldHave DecidedÕ: A Fundamental Problem with the Substituted JudgmentStandard,Ó Make Inaccurate Substituted Judgments.ÓConditionally accepted for publication in The Standards for decision makingWhile in principle there are indefinitely many possible standards of decision makingfor incompetents, there are only a handful that could be taken seriously, and evenfewer that have been seriously considered in the discussion about surrogatedecision making. For example, settling major issues in end-of-life care by tossing acoin would be unconvincing as a general standard with broad application.Three major standards have dominated this discussion: the (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001).Blustein, J. (1999), ÒChoosing for Others as Continuing a Life Story: The Problem of Personal Identity Revisited,Ó Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 27 (1), 20-32.Brock, D.W. (2004), ÒSurrogate Decision-Making,Ó In: S.G. Post (ed.), Encyclopedia of Bioethics, 3rd edition. (Macmillan, 1984).Buchanan, A. & Brock, D.W. (1990), Deciding for Others: The Ethics of Surrogate Decision Making (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).Davis, J.K. (2002), ÒThe Concept of Precedent Autonomy,Ó B Giesen, D. (1988), International Medical Malpractice Law: A Comparative Law Study of Civil Liability Arising from Medical Care. (TŸbingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1988).Hardwig, J. (2000), Is There a Duty to Die? and Other Essays in Bioethics. (New York and London: Routledge, 2000)Harmon, L. (1990), ÒFalling off the Vine: Legal Fictions and the Doctrine of Substituted Judgment,Ó The Yale Law Journal 100 (1): 1-71.Johansson, M. & Brostršm, L. (submitted), ÒTurning Failures into Successes: A Mistake Made in Empirical Research on Surrogate AccuracyÓKopelman, L.M. (2007), ÒThe Best Interests Standard for Incompetent or Incapacitated Persons of All Ages,Ó Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 35 (1): 187-196.Kuczewski, M. (1999), ÒCommentary: Narrative Views of Personal Identity and Substituted Judgment in Surrogate Decision Making,Ó Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 27 (1): 32-36.Kuczewski, M. (2004), ÒFrom Informed Consent to Substituted Judgment: Decision-Making at the End-of-Life,Ó H E C Forum 16 (1): 27- , 3rd edition. (Macmillan, 2004)PresidentÕs Commission (1983), PresidentÕs Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, Deciding to Forego Life-Sustaining Treatment: A Report on the Ethical, Medical and Legal Issues in Treatment Decisions (Washington D.C.: Presidents Commission, 1983)P Shalowitz, D.I., Garrett-Mayer, E. and Wendler, D. (2006), ÒThe Accuracy of Surrogate Decision Makers: A Systematic Review,Ó Archives of Internal Medicine 166 (5): 493-