Identify the main parts of a wall frame Explain methods of forming the outside corners and partition intersections of wall frames Show how rough openings are handled in wall construction Explain plate and stud layout ID: 697840
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Chapter 11 Wall and Ceiling Framing" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1Slide2
Chapter
11
Wall and Ceiling FramingSlide3
Identify the main parts of a wall frame.
Explain methods of forming the outside corners and partition intersections of wall frames.Show how rough openings are handled in wall construction.Explain plate and stud layout.Describe the construction and erection of wall sections and partitions.
ObjectivesSlide4
List the materials commonly used for sheathing.
Demonstrate the process of ceiling frame construction.Explain the benefits of using advanced framing.Explain what SIPs are and how they are erected.Estimate materials required for wall frames, ceiling frames, sheathing, studs, and headers.
Objectives (Cont.)Slide5
Vertical and horizontal members that support outside and inside walls
Also supports upper floors, ceilings, and roofPartitions do not carry any structural loadNail sizes often referred to by length and gaugeWall FramingSlide6
Parts of Wall Frame
Sole plates, top plates, studs, headers, and sheathing are used in platform constructionTrimmer studs bear direct weight of headerOSB or plywood used for exterior walls provides rigiditySlide7
Corners
Corners are formed when sidewall and end wall are joinedUse straight studs onlyCan be built from Three full studs
Blocking or no blocking
2
×
6 framing with 2
×
4 for inside cornerSlide8
Partition Intersections
Should be solidly fastened to outside wallsInstall extra studs in outside wall and attach partitionInsert blocking and nailers between regular studsUse blocking between regular studs and attach nailers or backup clipsSlide9
Rough Openings
Sizes are listed in door and window scheduleHeaders support weight of building across door and window openingsHeaders are also required across openings in load-bearing partitions
Kasten-Weiler ConstructionSlide10
Alternate Header Construction
Flat blocking can replace cripple studsHeader size can be increased to completely fill space to plateShrinkage may cause cracks above openingsSlide11
Headers are often sized to fill space above rough openings
Thermal bridge may resultAdd layer of rigid foam insulation between header’s layers or to exterior faceThinking GreenSlide12
Sole plates, top plates are same size as studs
Length is size that can be easily lifted off floorAttach sheathing after wall is up if lifted by handLocate joints over studsCarefully check layouts before cutting and framing
Plate LayoutSlide13
Second Exterior
Stud WallFollow same procedure as first outside wallFirst stud from corner post must allow edge of panel to be flush with outside edge of sidingSlide14
Long measuring stick created on job
Represents wall frame with height markings for horizontal membersStory PoleSlide15
Wall Sections
Assembled on edges on rough flooringPlates, studs, headers, and rough sills are nailed in placeWall sheathing is often applied to frame before it is raisedSlide16
Wall Sheathing
Applied before roof framing has begunAdds strength and rigidity to wall frameMaterialsPlywood
OSB
ZIP System
GypsumSlide17
Erecting Wall Sections
One-story wall sections can be raised by handLarge sections require crane or other equipmentTemporary diagonal bracing may be usedMake adjustments in position of sole plate before nailing
North Bennett Street School, BostonSlide18
Be sure wall section is in correct location before
raising itHave bracing ready to be attachedHave extra help available for large sectionsMake sure each worker knows what to do
Safety NoteSlide19
Partitions
Built when outside wall frame is completeBearing partitions support ceiling and roofRoof and floor trusses require no other support than outside walls
Kasten-Weiler ConstructionSlide20
Nonbearing Partitions
Do not require headers above openingsMay be soundproofedOpenings for heating ducts are cut and framedExtra joists and blocking support bath tubsSlide21
Plumbing in Walls
May require special constructionPartitions may have to be widerLateral runs of pipe may require drilling holes or notching studs
North Bennett Street School, BostonSlide22
Bracing
Needed so exterior walls can resist lateral (sideways) loadsMetal strap bracing is widely usedPlywood and OSB shear panels may be used for strength and rigiditySlide23
Double Top Plate
Adds support under ceiling joists and raftersLap-jointed for strength wherever they intersectMetal ties help secure building to its foundation for stronger frameSlide24
Walls need to be straightened and braced between corners
Tack one block at each end of wallTightly stretch line between two blocksUsing third block as gauge, align wall and brace itManufactured braces can also be used to align walls
Straightening WallsSlide25
Use platform type of construction
Floor joists for upper levels may be carried on ribbons let into studsPlans prescribe type of constructionAccurate story poles show full-size layouts of vertical distances for all levelsTri-Level and Split-Level
FramingSlide26
Special Framing
Structures may have features that require special framingBay windows may be prefabricated or built by carpenterSoffits close in space between ceiling and tops of cabinetsSlide27
Multistory Floor Framing
Framing upper floors is similar to framing first floorJoists are placed on top of double plate along with headersJoists may be fastened to plate with steel anchors or toenailedSlide28
Ceiling Framing
System of support for all components of ceilingCeiling joist sizes are determined by span and spacingCeiling joists usually run across narrow dimension of structure
Kasten-Weiler ConstructionSlide29
Parallel Ceiling Joists
Outside members may interfere with roof slopeStub ceiling joists are butted to full-length joists in such areasSpecial blocking is used to anchor partitions to ceiling frameSlide30
Strongbacks
L-shaped supports constructed of 2″ lumberAttached across tops of joists to strengthen them
Even up bottom edges of joists so ceiling is not wavy after drywall is appliedSlide31
Advanced Framing
Uses 2 × 6 studs spaced 24″ O.C.
Uses structural OSB or plywood
Replaces wood with insulation wherever practical
Constructs corners so they can be fully insulatedSlide32
Thermal envelope protective shell
Curbs unwanted air leakageAllows energy conservationAdvanced framing techniques (AFTs) Minimize wasteEliminate redundant lumber use without weakening structures
Thinking GreenSlide33
Structural Insulated Panels
Panels made with OSB or plywood sheathing on exteriorInsulating foam coreStructural panel
OSB on inside (usually)
Can be used for walls and roofs
Walls can be assembled and then hoisted into placeSlide34
Housewrap
Thin, tough, plastic sheet material applied to exterior wallsPrevents movement of air into or out of buildingPrevents water from entering structureAllows interior water vapor to escapeSlide35
Wall and ceiling framing materials
Find total lineal feet of wallsAdd length of each wall and partitionPlatesMultiply total figure by three for double top plate Multiply by two for single top plate
Add about 10% for waste
Estimating MaterialsSlide36
Count one stud (spaced 16
″ O.C.) for each lineal foot of wall spaceMaterial for headers must be calculated by analyzing requirements for each openingCeiling joists are estimated by same method used for floor joists
Estimating StudsSlide37
Estimating Example
Measurements240′′wall length
12 corners
10 intersections
20 openings
Framing is 16
″
O.C.Slide38
Begin by identifying which headers will be doubled or built-up
If trimmers are being used, add 3″ (1 1/2″ for trimmer at each side of opening)For LVL, add several inches to total for saw kerfs
For dimensional lumber, add all lengths and divide by 10 to find number of 10
′
pieces required
Estimating HeadersSlide39
Find total perimeter of structure
Multiply figure by wall height to find gross square footageDivide by square footage per sheetNet area = 1060 sq. ft.Fiberboard sheet size = 4
′
×
8
′
= 32
′
sq. ft.
No. of sheets needed = 1060
÷
32 = 33.1 (round up
to 34)
Estimating
Wall SheathingSlide40
Construction Careers
Framing CarpenterWorks with wood to fabricate floors, walls, and roof framingWorks for building or specialty contractors or is self-employedAcquires skills through
On-the-job training
Vocational school programs
Apprenticeships
Lakeview Images/Shutterstock