The fun and the fear of Online Social Networks Today Sociotechno web wrapup Social networks six degrees of separation tie strength homophily Social algorithms filter bubble personalization bias ID: 755367
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Slide1
CS 115: COMPUTING FOR The Socio-Techno Web
The fun and the fear of Online Social Networks Slide2
Today
Socio-techno web wrap-up:Social networks: six degrees of separation, tie strength, homophily
Social algorithms: filter bubble, personalization, bias
Where to go from here:
Redo questions from into questionnaireDigital humanities at Wellesley
Other CS classes at WellesleySlide3
SOCIAL GraphsSlide4
Diameter
1
2
8
3
7
4
5
6
Definition
: The
diameter
of a graph is the
maximum shortest-path distance between any two nodes.
The diameter is 3
.Slide5
The diameter of a social network is small.
Milgram
’
s experiment (1960s).
Ask someone to pass a letter to another person via friends knowing only the name, address, and occupation of the target.Slide6
Small world phenomenon
Bob, a farmer in Nebraska
David, mayor of Bob
’
s town
Bernard, David
’
s cousin who went to college with
Maya, who grew up in Boston
With LashawnSlide7
Milgram: Six Degrees of Separation
296 People in Omaha, NE, were given a letter,
asked to try to reach a stockbroker in Sharon, MA,
via personal acquaintances
20% reached target
average number of
“
hops
”
in the completed chains = 6.5
Why are chains so short?
I know!
Exponential growth of friends!Slide8
Today we can measure this with
2 billion people
The majority of Facebook users (~2 billion people) have an average between 3 and 4 steps.Slide9
Why are Chains so Short?
If I count my friends
’ friends
’ friends…
1
2
2
2
2
d
+
diameter = log n
2
d+1
- 1Slide10
The Kevin Bacon Game
nodes = {actors}
edges = if two actors star in same film
Kevin Bacon number =
distance between actor and Bacon
Kevin Bacon numberSlide11
The Kevin Bacon Game
Invented by Albright College students in 1994: Craig Fass, Brian Turtle, Mike Ginelly
Goal: Connect any actor to Kevin Bacon, by linking actors who have acted in the same movie.
Oracle of Bacon website uses Internet Movie Database (IMDB.com) to find shortest link between any two actors:
http://oracleofbacon.org/Slide12
Title
DataSlide13
Famous distances
Math PhD genealogiesSlide14
Famous distances
nodes = {mathematicians}
edges = if 2 mathematicians co-author a paper
Erdős
number = distance between mathematican and Erdos
Paul Erdős numberSlide15
Erdős Numbers
Erdő
s wrote 1500+ papers
with 507 co-authors.
Number of links required to connect scholars to Erdő
s, via co- authorship of papers
What type of graph do you expect?
Jerry Grossman (Oakland Univ.) website allows mathematicians to compute their Erd
ő
s numbers:
http://www.oakland.edu/enp/
Connecting path lengths,
among mathematicians only:
avg = 4.65
max = 13Slide16Slide17
Proud people!Slide18
Famous distances
Erdős number of
…
= 4Slide19
Famous distances
Erdős number of …
= 3
Fan Chung
F.T. Leighton
P.T. Metaxas
ErdosSlide20
Famous distances
Erdos number of
…
if you publish with me!
YOU = Bill GatesSlide21
Tie strength
Not all friendships are created equal...
How strong is your relationship with this person?
How would you feel asking this friend for $100?
How helpful would this person be if you were looking for a job?
The strength of weak ties
[Granovetter 1973]Slide22
Tie strengthSlide23Slide24Slide25
Homophily
Birds of a feather flock together...
Homophily
Se
lf-reported high school friendships (edges) and race (colors).
[Moody 2001]Slide26
Birds of a feather flock together...
Homophily
Se
lf-reported high school friendships (edges) and race (colors).
[Moody 2001]
Social influence
Network dynamics
ConfoundsSlide27
Birds of a feather flock together...
Homophily
Adamic, L. A., & Glance, N. (2005, August). The political blogosphere and the 2004 US election: divided they blog. In Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Link discovery (pp. 36-43). ACM.Slide28
Social AlgorithmsSlide29
Filter BubbleSlide30
PersonalizationSlide31
BiasSlide32
Future of the Internet
Pew Research Center, 2014Slide33
Future of PrivacySlide34
Future of PoliticsSlide35
Future of ComputingSlide36
Future of AI
EthicsResponsibility
OwnershipSlide37
Today
Socio-techno web wrap-up:
Social networks: six degrees of separation, tie strength, homophilySocial algorithms: filter bubble, personalization, bias
Where to go from here:
Redo questions from into questionnaireDigital humanities at Wellesley
Other CS classes at WellesleySlide38
Computer quizz
Redo questions from into questionnaireSlide39
Who you areSlide40
Who you areSlide41
Who you areSlide42
Who you areSlide43
Who you areSlide44
Who you areSlide45
Who you areSlide46
Who you areSlide47
Who you areSlide48
Who you areSlide49
Who you areSlide50
Who you areSlide51
WHat next
http://www.wellesley.edu/cs/curriculum/current:
CS111 Computer Programming and Problem Solving
CS220 Human-Computer InteractionLater:
CS230 Data StructuresCS232 Artificial Intelligence
CS342 Computer Security and Privacy
CS304 Databases with Web InterfacesSlide52
WHat next
https://www.wellesley.edu/lts/bli/projects
Wellesley Blended Learning Initiative“The initiative encompasses the innovative use of technology in teaching, conversations about the use of technology to support close faculty-student relationships in a liberal arts environment, and the establishment of a long-term organizational support structure for blended learning at Wellesley College.”Slide53
Additional resources
Practicing HTML, CSS, Javascript:
http://www.stackoverflow.com
https://www.w3schools.com/
Getting started with other programming languages:
https://www.edx.org/course/introduction-computer-science-mitx-6-00-1x-11
https://codecombat.com/