Dermatology Drugs Derm drugs are used to treat diseases of the Skin - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Dermatology Drugs

Derm

drugs are used to treat diseases of the SkinSlide2

Dermatologic Conditions

Diseases/Conditions Include:

Acne

VulgarisAcne RosaceaPsoriasisInfections-BacterialFungalYeastViral

Dermatitis

Poison ivy

Diaper rash

Alopecia

Scabies

Vitiligo

Pediculosis

Burns

Skin ulcersSlide3

Topical forms

Because of the superficial nature and location to most dermatologic conditions they respond well to topical treatments and drug therapy.

Gel

CreamLiquid Lotion MousseShampooointmentSlide4

Types of Drugs

Topical drugs for the skin can include:

Keratolytic

AntibioticVitamin AVitamin DCoal tar drugsPsoralenAntifungalAntihistamine

AntipruriticSlide5

Acne Vulgaris

This is the type of acne that is common during adolescence.

Large amounts of oil harden and block the pores forming reddish papules. As bacteria feed on the oil, they cause infection.

DRUGS to TREAT-Keratolytic/Astringent=remove oil & dead skin to cleanse the poresSlide6

Acne Vulgaris

OTC

“TRICLOSAN”

RxClearsilOxy

Stri-Dex

Pro Active

Clindamycin

PanOxyl

Erythromycin

Many of the Rx drugs contain

benzoyl

peroxideSlide7

TRICLOSAN

Triclosan

is a common ingredient in many products. It is also found in …

deodorants

TOOTHPASTE

SHAVING

cREAM

MOUTHWASHSlide8

Topical or Oral

Antibiotic drugs

Abx

drugs for Acne can be Topical or OralMany of them contain Salicylic Acid (ASA)Oral Drugs, which can provide a systemic effectThey travel through the blood to kill bacteria in the deep layers of the skin.

Doxycycline

Minocycline

TetracyclineSlide9

Topical – Vitamin A

AKA- Retinoic Acid

Oral drugs can be prescribed for severe acne

VulgarisA deficiency of Vitamin A can produce abnormal changes in the epithelial cells of the skin.

These cause the epidermal cells to multiply more rapidly preventing pores from clogging. These drugs also decrease inflammation.Slide10

Acne Rosacea

Adult form of acne

“Rosy Red cheeks”

Characterized by constant blotchy redness of the cheeks. Caused by dilated blood vessels and excessive oil on the face.Exacerbated by heat, stress, skin irritation

Treated with topical

AbxSlide11

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that is characterized by scaly, raised, silvery-red patches on the skin. It is often resistant to treatment.

With this condition, the skin is abnormal at the cellular level, exhibiting abnormally accelerated rate of epithelial cell division and an abnormality of the keratin producing

epi cells.=Keratinocytes

Heart brake of

heartbrakesoriasis

Topical Coal Tar Drugs

OTC such as Neutrogena & T-Gel

Cleanse away dead skin & decrease itching

Coal Tar is a by product of the processing of bituminous coal used for over 200 yearsSlide12

Psoriasis

Topical Vitamin A

Treats ‘

A’deficiencyOral Vitamin AActs systemically to treat severe casesTopical Vitamin DActiviates receptors in the keratinocytes

to slow their abnormal cell growth

Topical Corticosteroids-

Reduce inflammation & itchingSlide13

Other Drugs-

Adalimumab-Humira

Cyclosporin

Efalizumab- RaptivaInflizimab- RemicadeSirolimus – Rapamune

Tacrolimus

–

Protopic

Other topical & oral drugs can be used for moderate to severe cases.

They are prescription only and can act as an immunosuppressant to suppress the activity of the T-

lymphcytes

and the immune system.

Psoralen

- treats severe disabling psoriasis by exposure to ultraviolet lightSlide14

Bacterial Infections

Can occur with breaks in the skin that allow bacteria to enter.

Can be treated with topical

Abx drugs such as; Bacitracin, Neosporin, GentamicinBetadine, Polysporin- All OTC

For serious widespread bacterial infections of the skin, oral or intravenous

Abx

that work systemically are prescribed.Slide15

Antibacterial hand gel

Convenient, but

Deadly?

The Soap and Detergent Assoc. reports that 45%-75% of hand & body wash products contain antibacterial compounds.

Widespread use of these products and routine use of

Abx

drugs in animal feed are believed to have contributed to the rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

MRSA-found in the noses of healthcare workers who passed the bacteria to their patients who could not fight it off.Slide16

Fungal & Yeast

Fungal

InF

Yeast INF-conazole- common to generic antifungal Tx

Like to grow in warm, dark, moist environments

Ringworm

Athlete’s Foot

Nail fungus

Candida

Albicans

Mouth, nails, vaginal, diaper rash

Treated with anti-yeast drugs that disrupt the cell wall of the fungus

Fungi & yeast are closely relatedSlide17

Viral Infections of the skin

Herpes Simplex Virus type 1-cold sores

Herpes type 2-STD causes genital herpes

Herpes Zoster VirusChicken pox & shinglesHPV-Human Papilloma Virus causes-genital wartscancer

Type 1-

Acyclovir (

Zovirax

)

Docosanol

(

Abreva

)

Penciclovir

Type 2-

Valacyclovir

(

Valtrex

)Slide18

Chicken Pox & Shingles

Herpes Zoster Virus can be prevented with a vaccine

Chicken Pox Vaccine

Shingles VaccineThey keep the virusFrom reproducingBy working systemically in theblood Warts (

Verrucae

)can be treated with OTC and Rx drugsSlide19

Corticosteroids

OTC & Rx

Poison ivy, insect bites, seborrhea, eczema, as well as yeast, fungal & psoriasis.

Treat inflammation & itchingHydrocortisone 1st topical corticosteroid drug approved as OTCCorticosteroids can be given, intradermally, injected directly into an infected site, orally, which exhibits a systemic effect and topically which gives a local effect.Slide20

ZINGO!

Zingo

is a new form of delivering the anesthetic

lidocaine to the skin prior to IV administer. The device is held firmly to the skin. When the “start” button is pushed, the powder form drug is administered with a loud popping sound like a zing!Slide21

Hair loss & Wrinkles

Hair Loss- Alopecia

Affects both men & women

Male pattern baldness can be caused by low testosterone levelsHormone changes in women during menopause can cause hair to thin as well.Drugs to treat Alopecia include :Minoxidil (Rogaine)Finasteride

(

Propecia

)

They work by blocking enzymes that cause hair loss and dilate arteries in the scalp to increase blood flow to stimulate hair growth.Slide22

WRINKLES

Drugs used to treat wrinkles include topical Vitamin A type drugs, Injected Muscle relaxant drugs, or filler drugs to reduce the appearance of wrinkles.

Botulinum

Toxin Type A= Botox relaxes the muscles so that wrinkles smooth awayBotox is Clostridium botulinum= the bacterium that causes food poioning.Slide23

Bo-Tox

Botulinum

Toxin

Eating spoiled food that contains this bacterium results in muscle paralysis & eventually death from respiratory arrest.Botox “parties” have become popular. Food, drinks and botulinum. Hurray!Slide24

Scabies & Pediculosis

Scabies-

Caused by tiny parasites called “mites” that tunnel under the skin and cause tiny lesions. They lay eggs which hatch in a week. Can be transmitted through furniture, clothing, towels, as well as contact.

Rx drugs are necessary-Elimite, Lindane

Pediculosis

-

Infestation of lice and their eggs (nits) that can be found on the body, hair & pubic area. They feed on blood. Their bites cause itching.

Treated with the same meds, and OTC drugs such as RID

The nits must be completely removed and the area treated. It can be a painstaking process-Slide25

Nit-Picking

A parasite or a louse

Is shaped like a crab.

The infestations sometimes referred toAs “crabs” The phrase “nit-picking” refers to pointing out tiny details, comes from the process of picking out the nits from the hair looking for lice eggs.Slide26

Burns, Ulcers, Wounds

Can be difficult to manage medically.

May contain necrotic (dead) tissue which must be

debrided (removed) may contain exudate (drainage) prone to infectionSome OTC drugs contain seaweed and manuka honey which has been used since the Ancient Egyptians discovered it over 4,000 years ago. Slide27

Vitiligo

Autoimmune disorder in which pigment cells in the skin are slowly destroyed resulting in patchy, whitish areas which slowly spread.

Drugs can be used to produce pigment (color)

Benoquin, Oxsoralen, Chromelin all Rx