ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 - PDF document

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL THE EMIRATES GROUP ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 We recognise that preserving our resources will be one of the greatest challenges in our drive towards sustainable development. This, however, will not materialise unless different facets of our society adopt energy conservation principles in their core values. TOUMEMIRATES ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14Emirates is a global airline, operating the world’s largest �eets of Airbus A380 and oeing 777 aircraft from its hub in ubai, United Arab Emirates. Its main activity is the provision of commercial air transportation services.dnata is one of the largest combined air services providers in the world and the largest travel management services company in the UAE. Its main activities are the provision of cargo andground handling, catering, information technology and travel services. Emirates and dnata are independent entities and do not form a group as de�ned by International Financial Reporting Standards. However, these entities are under common management. Therefore, in this document they are together referred to as the Emirates Group. ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 IAL PER ENVIRONMENTAL PER LETTER ROM THE EXE THE LEAERSHIP TEAM OPE O THE REPORT THE EMIRATES GROUP – WHO WE ARE OUR GROWING NETWORK THE EMIRATES LEET JET ENGINE EMISSIONS T NOISE GROUN OPERATIONS ITY AN WATER MATERIALS AN WASTE GROUP IOXIE EMISSIONS IVERSITY ANONSERVATION A GREENER TOMORROW SETTING INUSTRY TARGETS PW REASONAE REPORT REVIATIONS AN RE CONTENTSTHE EMIRATES GROUP ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 F EmiratesRevenue and resultsRevenue and other operating incomeOperating pro�tOperating marginPro�t attributable to the OwnerPro�t marginReturn on shareholder's fundsTotal assetsPassengers carriedCargo carriedtonnes ’000Passenger seat factorOverall capacityATKM millionAvailable seat kilometresAircraft*** Emirates GroupRevenue and other operating income*Operating pro�tOperating marginPro�t attributable to the OwnerPro�t marginTotal assets** ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 2013-14 �gures have been re-classi�ed to conform with the current year’s presentation.* After eliminating inter company income/expense of AED 2,435 million in 2013-14 (2012-13: AED 2,199 million).** After eliminating inter company receivables/payables of AE*** Number of aircraft excludes one Airbus A319 ACJ used for executive jet charters. Elsewhere in the Environmental Report 2013-14, the total number of aircraft is reported as 218, including the A319 ACJ.The �nancial year of the Emirates Group is from 1 April to 31 March. Throughout this report all �gures are in UAE dirhams (AED) unless otherwise stated. The exchange rate of the dirham to the US dollar is �xed at 3.67. Revenue and resultsRevenue and other operating incomeOperating pro�tOperating marginPro�t attributable to the OwnerPro�t marginReturn on shareholder's fundsTotal assetsKey operating statisticsAircraft handledargo handledtonnes '000Meals upliftedTravel services related net sales ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14ENVIRONMENTAL PER Emirates Airline – Environmental Data% changeVeri�ed tonnesarbon dioxide (tonnesL/FTKg COg / FTKkg Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissionstonnes <3,000ftCarbon monoxide (CO) emissions tonnes <3,000ftUnburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) emissionstonnes <3,000ftAircraft compliant with IAO Annex 16 Vol IIemissions Standards Noise Ef�ciency Factor – Takeoff (NEF-T)Noise Ef�ciency Factor – Landing (NEF-L)Aircraft compliant with IAO Annex 16 Vol Ihapter 4 noise Standards ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 For de�nitions of the metrics in these tables, please see The Emirates Group Environmental Report 2013-14 Reporting Guidelines and Methodology document, available on www.emirates.com/about/environment.The metrics marked are covered by Pw’s assurance procedures (see Pw assurance report on pages 50-51).Excludes wet-leased cargo aircraft.Includes staff of Emirates, dnata and Emirates Flight Catering (EKFC) in Dubai (58,882). It excludes staff from the 29 Emirates airport lounges covered in this report (ex ubai), Alpha light Group Ltd, Emirates outstations and staff of Emirates and dnata subsidiary companies.or desalinated water only.igure revised since publication of the 2012-13 Environment Report.Includes Emirates, dnata and Emirates atering (Eubai, Emirates Group’s 12 largest outstations by headcount, 29 Emirates airport lounges (ex Dubai) and Alpha Flight Group Ltd.Unlike the other fuel ef�ciency metrics we report, the higher the OFEF value, the better the ef�ciency. A positive percentage change therefore re�ects improvement over time. Emirates Group – Ground Operations Environmental DatalitresPetrol consumption litresTotal fuel consumption (ground) litresuel consumption per head of staff litres/head/dayAssociated tonnesAssociated tonnes of Electricity consumption per head of staff Water consumption Associated tonnes of Water use per head of staff litres/head/dayTotal waste (not recycled) tonnesTotal waste (not recycled) per head of staff kg/head/dayRecyclables collected tonnesEmirates Group – Total Carbon Dioxide EmissionsVeri�ed from �ight operationstonnes from ground operationstonnesTotal Group COtonnes ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14TOUM EXEUTIVE EMIRATES AIRLINE & GROUPubai expects to welcome 20 million tourists and generate 300 billion in annual tourism revenue. Emirates airline will play a big role in supporting this goal, and so will dnata, our home-grown air services provider which has transformed from modest beginnings into a global player. Today, Emirates airline connects over 145 cities to ubai and to each other, facilitating trade and tourism �ows across six continents; while dnata provides ground handling, catering, cargo and travel services not only in Dubai, but across 90 cities, in 38 countries on �ve continents.ubai is investing in infrastructure to meet the city’s future growth, and so is the Emirates Group. y 2020, Emirates expects to carry 70 million passengers per year on over 300 aircraft, and we are developing our workforce, and building cutting-edge facilities to support operations of this scale. We will also continue to strengthen our global footprint, so that we can serve and connect even more cities across the world. or us, growth is not only about the numbers. We are here for the long haul, and we are conscious that with the scale of what we do, we can make a difference to economies, communities, and the environment. We consciously strive to improve our economic, environmental and social impact in a meaningful way. In this regard, one of our key focus areas has always been the management of resource consumption. Reducing unnecessary consumption not only reduces environmental impact, but also has a direct bene�t on our bottom line. Fuel ef�ciency is, as always, central to our business.Emirates already operates one of the youngest and most ef�cient aircraft �eets in the sky. In the past year, we received 24 new passenger and freighter aircraft comprising Airbus A380s and oeing 777s. Representing the very latest in commercial aircraft technology, these new aircraft continue to help us improve the overall fuel ef�ciency and noise pro�le of our �eet.In November 2013, we made a massive investment in the latest, most environmentally ef�cient aircraft technology with an order for 150 next-generation oeing 777Xs. When delivered from 2020 onwards, these 777Xs will help us to achieve the next level in fuel ef�ciency.At Emirates, we have an ongoing focus to operate our aircraft in the most ef�cient, responsible way possible. In addition to our own operational ef�ciency efforts, our partnerships with air navigation service providers have also been key to implementing fuel - and time-saving routes.On the ground, Group companies and business units work to recycle various materials, minimise water and paper consumption, and operate ground vehicles more ef�ciently. For example, dnata’s Airport Operations teams minimise water use when washing aircraft, and recycle newspapers and other paper products collected from Emirates aircraft cabins at ubai International Airport.We have also continued our tradition of supporting biodiversity and conservation. One thousand endangered houbara bustards, a culturally important bird species for the UAE, were released in the ubai esert onservation Reserve, the management of which is supported by Emirates. ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 These birds have thrived and some have successfully reared chicks. Our conservation based resort in Australia’s Emirates Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa, continued to win awards for sustainability, as well as play host to rare and endangered wildlife.These are just some highlights of our efforts of the past year, and as you read the rest of this report, I hope you will be as heartened as I am to see the progress that we have made in improving our environmental and other sustainability metrics. We know that every little effort counts, especially when magni�ed by the scale of our global operations and workforce. Just as we know that to make a truly meaningful impact, sustainability efforts have to be continuous and long-term. At the Emirates Group, we are fully committed to responsible business and environmental stewardship.Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14THE LEAERSHIP TEAMbin Saeed Al Maktoum hairman & hief Executive Emirates Airline & GroupPresident Emirates AirlineGary Chapman President Group Services & dnata A commitment to managed, responsible growthEnvironmental responsibility is a core value of the Emirates Group, and underpins our vision of making the Group a leader in the aviation and travel sectors. We constantly strive to make sustainability and environmental ef�ciency a cornerstone of all Group operations, in the air and on the ground. We continue to invest in the most modern, ef�cient aircraft andengine technology available, as well as ground equipment. We are constantly innovating, both internally and with our partners, to introduce greater improvements to our operations. In the Emirates Group’s fourth Environmental Report, you will see how the Group is moving to drive future enhancements in ef�ciency and environmental performance, as well as the bene�ts now being realised from previous years of investment in programmes and initiatives. EXE EMIRATES AIRLINE & GROUP IS HIS HIGHNESS (H.H.) SHEITOUM. TIM LAR EMIRATES AIRLINE. THE PRESI GROUP SERVINATA IS GARY OTH PRESIENTS ARE SUPPORTEY A SENIOR MANAGEMENT TEAM, WHO OVERSEE THE VARIOUS THE GROUP. ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 THIS REPORT OVERS THE EMIRATES GROUP’S IAL REPORTING YEAR (1 APRIL 2013 TO 31 MARIAL YEAR, THE EMIRATES GROUP OPERATEOUNTRIES, WITH MORE THAN 70,000 STA THE REPORTWe addressed the environmental impacts of the following:Emirates �eet operations (passenger and cargo, the latter �own under the Emirates SkyCargo brand).dnata operations in Dubai (aircraft ground handling, cargo and travel services).Emirates and dnata commercial buildings in Dubai, including of�ces, training colleges, �ight catering, laundry services, warehouses, IT and engineering services. The Emirates Group staff accommodation buildings in Dubai(apartment buildings and houses).The top 12 Group of�ces outside of Dubai (outstations), Alpha Flight Group Ltd operations.29 Emirates airport lounges (outside of Dubai).Emirates Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa.Environmental impacts associated with the following activities of the Emirates Group were not included in this report:Emirates Leisure Retail (ELR) and Emirates consumer goods businesses in the UAE and other countries.Partly-owned Emirates companies in the UAE and Remaining outstations, the airline’s of�ces and activities outside of the UAE, and all hotel properties except Emirates Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa.Partly and wholly-owned dnata ground handling, cargo andtravel services outside of ubai.Partly-owned dnata freight-forwarding and security companies in the UAE.SkyCargo trucking services, vehicle �eets operated in smaller outstations and those operated by subsidiary companies of Emirates and dnata (in the UAE and overseas). ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14THE EMIRATES GROUP – WHO WE AREIn 2013-14, we took delivery of 16 Airbus A380 and eight oeing 777 aircraft. These enabled us to strengthen our route network and launch new services to: Haneda, Japan; Stockholm, Sweden; Conakry, Guinea; Sialkot, Pakistan; Kiev, Ukraine; Kabul, Afghanistan; Taipei, Taiwan; Boston, USA; and a new service between Milan and New York. We also launched �ights to Clark in the Philippines in October, but re�ecting the dynamic nature of our industry, we made the decision to stop the service from May 2014.Each new destination added to our global network not only opens up new points for our customers, but also creates new city-pair combinations for valuable trade and passenger traf�c �ows. Our Boston-Dubai route for instance, will bene�t Boston and its surrounding region to the tune of US$ 132 million, according to data from the Massachusetts Port Authority. NATIONALITIESSTAESTINATION ESTINATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 YCARGOTONNESTONNESMEALS PREPAREPASSEN AIRT 2.31.6 These �gures are valid as of the end of 31 March 2014.dnata’s work, in every geography in which we operate, provides the vital functions that allow the aviation industry as a whole to thrive. Our team of 23,000 staff uplifts meals, services aircraft, moves all types of cargo, helps people arrange their travel plans, handles baggage, provides airlines and freight operators with business technology, and ensures passengers reach their ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 MIRATESDESTINATIONSJANCCELAIALGIERSATHENSAULANAGHELONAASRAENGALURUAIROAPE TOWNLANAGOHITTAGONGLAROLOMOPENHAGENALLASAR ES SALAAMÜSSELORETURTGENEVAGLASGOWGOTHENURGGUANGZHOUURGITYHOUSTONISLAMAISTANJAARTAURGHARTOUMATAOZHIUALA LUMPURUWAITLAGOSLAHORELARNALILONGWELOMELONON HEATHROWLONON GATWILOS ANGELESLUANLUSALYONMALTAMANILAMAURITIUSMILANATNAIRONEW YORNEWPARISPERTHPESHAWARETPRAGUEE JANEIRORIYAROMESÃO PAULOSEATTLESTOST. PETERSURGTAIPEITHIRUVANANTHAPURAMTOYOTORONTOWARSAWWASHINGTON, ZARAGOZANATAELAIALGHEROELONAENGALURUERGAMOOLOGNARISTOLAGLIARIAIROAPE TOWNLANATANIAOLOMOOLANGATTAEAST MILANURGHLORENUJAIRAHGENEVAGENOVAGLASGOWGUANGZHOUISLAMAURGATHMANHARTOUMUWAITLAHORELAMEZIA TERMELONON GATWILONON HEATHROWLUTONMANILAMILAN (MALPENSA & LINATE)ATNEWPALERMOPERTHPESHAWARPRAGUEPRESTWIRIYAROMESALALAHSHARJAHSTANSTESUVATAITOWNSVILLEVERONAYANMIRATESELAIENGALURUAR ES SALAAMUJAIRAHARTLAUNESTONATPERTHETSHARJAHWOLGAN VALLEY GROWING NETWOR ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14Number of Aircraft: 93argo apacity: 23 tonnesPassenger apacity: 354-442 Engine Type: GE90-115BWingspan: 64.8 mMax Take-Off Weight: 349.2 tonnesAverage Cruising Speed: 896 km/hRBUSNumber of Aircraft: 47argo apacity: 8 tonnesPassenger Capacity: 489-517 Engine Type: GP7272leet numbers as of 31 March 2014.Wingspan: 79.8 mMax Take-Off Weight: 569.0 tonnesAverage Cruising Speed: 907 km/hRBUSNumber of Aircraft: 9argo apacity: 15 tonnesPassenger apacity: 258 Engine Type: RR Trent 553Wingspan: 63.4 m Max Take-Off Weight: 372.0 tonnesAverage RBUSNumber of Aircraft: 4argo apacity: 13 tonnesPassenger apacity: 267 Engine Type: Wingspan: 60.3 mMax Take-Off Weight: 275.0 tonnesAverage RBUSNumber of Aircraft: 21argo apacity: 17 tonnesPassenger apacity: 237-278 Engine Type: RR Trent 772Wingspan: 60.3 m Max Take-Off Weight: 230.0 tonnesAverage EMIRATESLEET ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 Number of Aircraft: 12argo apacity: 23 tonnesPassenger apacity: 364 Engine Type: RR Trent 892Number of Aircraft: 10argo apacity: 15 tonnesPassenger apacity: 266 Engine Type: GE90-110BWingspan: 60.9 mMax Take-Off Weight: 299.3 tonnesAverage Cruising Speed: 896 km/hWingspan: 64.8 mMax Take-Off Weight: 343.4 tonnesAverage Cruising Speed: 896 km/hNumber of Aircraft: 3/6argo apacity:18 tonnesPassenger apacity: 274-346 Engine Type: RR Trent 877Wingspan: 60.9 mMax Take-Off Weight: 247.2 tonnesAverage Cruising Speed: 896 km/h 777F Number of Aircraft: 10 argo apacity: 103 tonnesEngine Type: GE90-110BWingspan: 64.8 m Max Take-Off Weight: 347.5 tonnesAverage Cruising Speed: 896 km/hNumber of Aircraft: 2 argo apacity: 117 tonnesEngine Type: GE80Wingspan: 64.4 mMax Take-Off Weight: 395.9 tonnesAverage Cruising Speed: 896 km/h ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14NEW PASSENGER AIRNEW NEW PASSENGER ESTINATIONSYEARS AVERAGE LEET AGEJet fuel is Emirates’ largest single area of expenditure, and its consumption also contributes the largest share of our environmental footprint. In 2013-14, Emirates spent nearly of the airline’s operating costs. Reducing the amount of fuel used per �ight therefore is an imperative for every section of Total jet fuel consumption increased from 7,125,216 tonnes in 2012-13 �nancial year to 8,141,738 tonnes in the current reporting period, a growth of 14.3%. This can be explained by the expansion of the �eet and network. During the reporting period, Emirates opened nine new passenger destinations and two new dedicated freighter destinations, increased frequencies to a number of cities, and allocated larger aircraft to several existing destinations. This resulted in a capacity increase of 14.6% in available seat kilometres ) and 14.4% in available tonne kilometres (AT). We increased our �eet size by a net 18 passenger aircraft and two freighters, and took delivery of one Airbus A319 for executive charters.The new aircraft consisted of 16 Airbus A380s, six 777-300ERs and two freighters, while two aircraft – exited the �eet. These additions continue Emirates’ policy of investing in the most modern, fuel-ef�cient technology, and contribute to one of the youngest average �eet ages in the industry: just 6.2 years, compared with the IATA industry average of 11.7 years for wide-body jets (IATA – WATS 58th Edition).Fuel ef�ciency is core to every aspect of our operations, impacting how we �y today and the �eet decisions of tomorrow. The less fuel we consume to move our aircraft and passengers, cargo and crew around the world, the smaller the environmental impact as well as the �nancial cost to the airline.JET Emirates’ �eet fuel ef�ciency% change Passenger fuel ef�ciencyCargo fuel ef�ciency (freighters only)L/FTKNote: an increase in the OFEF implies greater ef�ciency, whereas a decrease in the other metrics implies greater ef�ciency. ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 In addition to the O, we continue to report other commercially-oriented fuel ef�ciency metrics for comparison purposes. Our passenger fuel ef�ciency improved 0.5% to 4.05 litres/100 passenger kilometres (L/100P), while the Emirates SkyCargo freighter �eet continued its strong performance by improving fuel ef�ciency by 8.2% to 0.190 litres/freight tonne kilometre (L/FTK). Meanwhile, the fuel ef�ciency for total tonne kilometres gained 0.5% to reach 0.3089 litres/tonne kilometre (L/TK), 14.5% more ef�cient than the IATA �eet average of (IATA – WATS 58th Edition).The incremental gains in passenger and overall fuel ef�ciency between the two years re�ect the composition of our now largely new and fuel-ef�cient �eet and extensive fuel ef�ciency practices that Emirates has already put in place. These are discussed in more detail on the following page.IENT THAN IATA LEET AVERAGE We can measure our fuel ef�ciency in different ways, each metric giving a different view of our performance depending on what is included in the calculation. In our third annual Environmental Report, Emirates introduced the Operational Fuel Ef�ciency actor (O). Instead of commonly-used metrics that use the mass of revenue payload carried, such as Revenue Tonne ilometres (RT instead takes Zero uel Weight as the main variable. Zero uel Weight (ZW) is the total weight of the aircraft, including the airframe, the furnishings, the crew members, the passengers with all their baggage, and the cargo, The advantage of ZW is that it is independent of aircraft con�guration, type of mission and payload mix or load factor. therefore takes actual fuel savings practices into account. In 2013-14, Emirates’ operational fuel ef�ciency improved to 17.74 tonne kilometres/litre (T/L), compared with /L in the previous year. ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 Change fromAircraftMarch 2013orderTotal Passenger (on wet lease)Total CargoA319 ACJTotal Executive CharterTotalInvesting in our �eet Emirates is investing in a step improvement in the future fuel ef�ciency of our �eet. We ordered 150 next-generation Boeing ubai Air Show in November 2013, with another 50 purchase rights. The aircraft, to be powered by General Electric GE9X engines, will be delivered from 2020 onwards and replace older, comparatively less ef�cient aircraft in the �eet. Emirates has worked closely with oeing on the design of the 777X, helping to identify opportunities to signi�cantly increase the performance of the aircraft. One example is the introduction of folding wingtips. The ef�ciency of a wing is linked to its span: generally the greater the better. Wing span, however, is limited in practice by structural limitations and manoeuvring space on the airport tarmac and taxiways. wingtips, long used in aircraft carrier-borne military aircraft, will help to drive a 3-4% improvement in ef�ciency for the 777X, even when the weight of the folding mechanism is taken into account. Improvements such as these ultimately will not only bene�t Emirates, but all operators of the new aircraft.or all of our new aircraft, we collect detailed data on aircraft weight and airframe/engine performance when they are delivered from the manufacturer, as well as through performance �ight tests. This data allows more accurate uplift of the appropriate amount of fuel for a �ight.Partnerships for shorter, more ef�cient �ight pathsAircraft are rarely able to �y wherever our pilots want; they are usually restricted to specially de�ned routes, similar to highways in the sky. These routes are not always the most direct path to the destination, and they don’t always allow our aircraft to take best advantage of tailwinds or avoid strong headwinds. Emirates engages with air traf�c control organisations internationallyto implement and utilise the best routes possible, saving time in the air and reducing fuel consumption and emissions.These initiatives often involve the application of advanced technology and procedures, using the capability of sophisticated on-board avionics systems to enable aircraft to navigate with much greater accuracy. An example of this is the introduction of Required Navigation Performance Authorisation Required (RNP-AR) approach procedures, which Emirates has been progressively applying at selected airports around the world.IMPROVING 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 4.02 4.04 4.06 4.08 4.12 4.10 Passenger fuel ef�ciency (L/100PK) 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 0.170 0.180 0.190 0.200 0.230 0.210 0.220 Cargo fuel ef�ciency (freighters only)(L/FTK) ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ecember 2013, Emirates and Australia’s air navigation service provider Airservices Australia marked a milestone in our partnership with the tenth anniversary of the lexTracks programme for �ights between Dubai and Australia. FlexTracks enables new routes across the Indian Ocean and Australia to be de�ned each day, so that our pilots can take best advantage of shifting winds. Over the 12 months to lexTracks saved over 3,800 tonnes of fuel on Emirates’ daily �ights to Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney, and reduced more than 12,000 tonnes. In October 2013, the lexTracks concept was extended across the Indian Ocean with the support of countries including Australia, India, the Maldives, the Seychelles, South Africa and Sri Lanka in the Indian Ocean Strategic Partnership to Reduce Emissions (INSPIRE) programme. Together, they created the Arabian Sea/Indian Ocean User Preferred Route geographic zone (ASIO-Z) covering the majority of the Indian Ocean and part of the Arabian Sea.As a demonstration of the bene�ts of ASIO-Z and INSPIRE, Emirates again partnered with Airservices Australia to �y a FlexTrack route across the Indian Ocean, then used RNP-AR to conduct a continuous descent ‘Smart Tracking’ approach into risbane on 1 September 2013. The �ight then continued to Auckland, New Zealand, to highlight the bene�ts of the Asia and South Paci�c Initiative to Reduce Emissions (ASPIRE) programme, which Emirates joined Fuel Jettison EventsTechnical ReasonsMedical ReasonsEnvironmental ReasonsTotal Eventsuel (tonnes)Emirates also worked closely with the Japanese ivil Aviation Bureau to become the �rst non-Japanese airline to land using an RNP-AR approach at Haneda Airport, Tokyo, in ebruary 2014. The reduced distance �own enables savings of at least 80 kg of per �ight when the approach is used, or more than 10 tonnes a year. The �ight path takes the aircraft mainly over water rather than the city, which helps to reduce the noise footprint over populated areas. Aircraft operating techniquesEmirates’ pilots use a variety of procedures to help save fuel reduce emissions where it is safe and practicable to do so. One example is idle reverse thrust: when landing on a dry runway, the pilot sets the thrust reversers at idle instead of selecting full reversethrust. This technique saved 4,129 tonnes of fuel in 2013-14, equivalent to 13,006 tonnes of . Another technique is shutting down one engine while taxiing. This saved 1,947 tonnes of fuel over the year, or 6,133 tonnes of Fuel jettison eventsIn an in-�ight emergency situation, it may be necessary to fuel to lower the aircraft weight to ensure a safe landing. The most common reasons for fuel jettison events are medical emergencies and technical issues. A total of 14 fuel jettison events were reported in 2013-14. Fuel was jettisoned for medical reasons on eight occasions, and for technical reasons on six occasions. The total amount of fuel jettisoned was recorded as 358.5 tonnes.TONNES OUEL SAVE 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 17.45 17.50 17.55 17.60 17.65 17.75 17.70 17.80 Operational fuel ef�ciency factor 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 0.3075 0.3080 0.3085 0.3090 0.3115 0.3095 0.3105 0.3100 0.3110 Combined fuel ef�ciency (L/TK) ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 99.5 100.0 100.5 101.0 102.0 101.5 Passenger CO 2 ef�ciency (g CO / 100PK) 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 30,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000 CO 2 emissions from aircraft operations(tonnes) Emirates’ �eet carbon dioxide emissions ef�ciency% changePassenger argo ef�ciency (freighters only)/ FTKOverall Aircraft engines produce several environmentally-signi�cant by-products from the combustion of jet fuel. We report here on carbon dioxide (), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide O), and unburnt hydrocarbons (UHCarbon dioxideCarbon dioxide emissions are directly related to jet fuel consumption. Each kilogram of jet fuel burned in an engine produces 3.15 kilograms of , so trends in directly match fuel consumption. In 2013-14, Emirates’ emissions from jet fuel consumption totalled 25,646,474 tonnes, up 14.3% compared with the previous �nancial year in line with the increase in fuel consumption. Also in line with the values for fuel ef�ciency, our COef�ciency for passenger transport improved slightly to 100.3 g /passenger km. The emissions ef�ciency for cargo carried on our freighter �eet improved 8.2% to 469.2 g COfreight tonne km, while the emissions ef�ciency for total tonne kilometres improved 0.4% to 0.764 kg /tonne km. The discussion on fuel ef�ciency in the previous section outlines the initiatives we have taken to improve our performance in this area. At present, there is no international standard for aircraft fuel ef�ciency or CO emissions ef�ciency. ICAO is currently developing an aircraft emissions Standard to apply to aircraft designs in the future, and Emirates has been contributing to this work through the UAE delegation to the ommittee on Aviation Environmental Protection (Some types of engine emissions are a concern for their potential impact on air quality at ground level in the vicinity of an airport. The most signi�cant of these emissions – NOx, UHCs, CO and smoke – are regulated by IAO Standards in Annex 16 Volume II. All of Emirates’ aircraft are fully compliant with these Standards.In the following sections, we report on the emissions of NOx, UHO below 3,000 feet using IAO’s landing/take-off (LTO) cycle. This layer of the atmosphere nearest the ground is considered to be the most relevant for emissions affecting local air quality.Oxides of nitrogenOxides of nitrogen (NOx) are formed in the high temperature pressure conditions in the engine combustion chamber, and are usually emitted at higher rates during take-off and climb. An international Standard for NOx was �rst adopted in 1981 and AO Annex 16 Volume II. IAO subsequently agreed higher levels of stringency on four occasions, most recently in 2011. The latest NOx Standard (AEP/8) applies to new engines certi�cated from 1 January 2014, and is not yet applicable to Emirates’ engines. However, all of our engines fall under and fully comply with the previous stringency levels (Emirates’ NOx emissions below 3,000 feet increased 14.8% to 10,552 tonnes in the year 2013-14, in line with growth in the �eet and network. The average �eet margin below the ICAO CAEP/6 limits improved from -8.19% to -8.69%. ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14Carbon monoxide (CO)O is also produced as a result of incomplete combustion, usually while the aircraft is operating at idle or low thrust settings. CO production is minimal during most other phases of �ight. We haven’t previously reported O emissions, but have now added it to our reporting since it is one of the regulated emissions for aircraft engines.Emirates’ CO emissions below 3,000 feet increased 16.9% to 6,394 tonnes in 2013-14, again re�ecting the growth in the �eet and network. The average �eet margin below the ICAO Standard decreased slightly from -60.68% to -60.11%.Unburnt hydrocarbons (UHCs)s are produced in engines as a result of incomplete of fuel, typically while the aircraft is operating on the ground at idle or low thrust settings. Similar to O, UH production is minimal during most other phases of �ight.Emirates’ UHC emissions below 3,000 feet increased 17.9% to 665 tonnes in 2013-14, as a result of growth in the �eet and network. The average �eet margin below ICAO Standards decreased slightly from -68.87% to -68.09%. UHC and CO emissions have grown at a higher rate than emissions because the increase in cruise fuel ef�ciency in newer engines has come with a trade-off of higher UHC O emissions during the LTO cycle. However, the margins for Emirates’ engines are still well below the applicable regulatory limits for all categories of local air quality emissions. Local air quality emissions below 3,000 feet (landing/take-off cycle) in tonnes Oxides of nitrogen (NOx)Carbon monoxide (CO)Unburnt hydrocarbons (UHCs) Emirates �eet margins below regulatory limits in percentages (CAO Annex 16 Volume Oxides of nitrogen (NOx)arbon monoxide (Unburnt hydrocarbons (UHCs) 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 0 2,000 4 6 12 8,000 10 Emissions of NOxbelow 3,000 ft(tonnes) 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 -8.8 -8.6 -8.4 -8.2 -7.6 -8.0 -7.8 Fleet margins below regulatory limits for NOx*(percentages)*ICAO Annex 16 Vol II 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 99.5 100.0 100.5 101.0 102.0 101.5 Passenger CO 2 ef�ciency (g CO / 100PK) ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 TONNES O SAVELEXTRAS TO AUSTRALIA ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14Noise is produced by all aircraft, both by the engines and by the aircraft itself as it passes through the air. Airlines can reduce the impact of noise on communities around airports by selecting quieter aircraft designs, and by using �ight procedures that avoid noise-sensitive areas and reduce the noise pro�le on the ground.All of Emirates’ aircraft meet or exceed IAO hapter 4 noise standards, which are the most stringent IAO Standards for aircraft currently in operation. As Emirates has progressively invested in quieter aircraft, the �eet’s margin below ICAO Chapter 4 limits has continued to improve, reaching 9.66 EPNdB below the limit in 2013-14. (Note: these metrics exclude wet-leased freighters.)Our �agship Airbus A380 in particular is recognised as one of the quietest large airliners in operation today. The aircraft incorporates a range of technologies to reduce its noise footprint, and it meets stringent Heathrow Airport noise levels of Quota departures and Quota ount 0.5 for arrivals. Emirates has performed well in the London Heathrow ly Quiet Programme as a result of its selection of aircraft and consistent use of noise abatement procedures. The airline was ranked 4th overall in the second quarterly ly Quiet report (covering the fourth quarter of 2013), up from 6th place in the inaugural report.Emirates assesses its noise performance by calculating a Noise Ef�ciency Factor. This factor describes the noise footprint on takeoff and landing which is produced when transporting a certain load a given distance – the smaller the number, the lower the noise footprint. Looking at noise from the point of view of ef�ciency makes sense: noise in many respects is wasted energy.Our noise ef�ciency factor for take-off was 2.45 dBkm/tonne km for the 2013-14 reporting year, an improvement of 15% compared with 2012-13. The factor for landing was 0.62 d/tonne km for the current year, down 10% compared with the previous year. The improvements can be attributed to more �ights operated by the quietest aircraft in our �eet, including the A380, B777-300ER and B777-200LR, and fewer �ights operated by the noisiest aircraft. 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.56 2.48 2.50 2.52 2.54 Noise ef�ciency factor for take-off 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.72 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70 Noise ef�ciency factor for landing 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 -9.8 -9.6 -9.4 -9.2 -8.4 -9.0 -8.8 -8.6 Fleet margins below ICAO Chapter 4 limits (percentages) ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 HAPTER 4 STANLEET MARGIN ELOW IAO ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 GROUN OPERATIONS Fuel consumption from ground vehicle operations% changeDiesel consumption (worldwide)litresPetrol consumption (worldwide)litresTotal fuel consumption (worldwide)litresTotal fuel consumption (Dubai)litresFuel consumption per head of staff (Dubai)litres/head/dayNote: The �gure for diesel consumption in 2012-13 has been revised since publication of the 2012-13 Environmental Report. METRE LONG 15 MILLION PASSENGERS A YEAR 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 0 10,000,000 20,000,000 30,000,000 40,000,000 50,000,000 Worldwide fuel consumption fromground vehicle operations (litres)Petrol consumption Diesel consumption The Emirates Group has substantial ground-based operations in ubai and in many countries around the world, and efforts are made across the Group to manage their environmental impacts. This section covers the use of ground vehicles and equipment and associated emissions, electricity, water, and management of materials and waste. Several signi�cant developments took place during the year, which have affected our resource consumption, emissions and waste production from ground operations:The new Concourse A at Dubai International Airport’s Terminal 3completed its �rst full year of operations. Purpose-built for theA380, the 645 metre long concourse opened in January 2013,and can handle 15 million passengers a year.The average number of employees in Emirates Airline increasedby 3,404 (8.9%), with most of the growth coming from cabin crew as a result of adding a net 18 passenger aircraft to the �eet.The Emirates Engineering Centre occupied the �rst phase of a maintenance hangar development.dnata began providing ground handling services to passenger�ights at Al Maktoum International Airport at Dubai World Central (DWC). The new airport received its �rst passenger �ight on 27 October 2013.Ground Vehicles and EquipmentThe Emirates Group maintains a large �eet of ground vehicles and equipment to support its operations, including baggage and cargo handling, passenger and staff transport, and catering vehicles. In 2013-14, the Group had 4,680 vehicles, 84% of which were located ubai. This is close to the number of 4,688 vehicles in the previous year. Fuel consumption in the ground equipment �eet rose ubai and 14.4% worldwide. iesel formed the largest proportion of fuel consumed, at 70.3% of total fuel. ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14The Group continues to look proactively for ways to use its ground equipment and vehicles more ef�ciently. In February 2014, the entral Services department won awards for Mobility Management and Environment onservation at the ubai Awards for Sustainable Transport for their achievements in overhauling the staff transportation service. Every day in Dubai, a �eet of buses transports over 8,000 Emirates Group staff between their accommodation and their workplace. Through the project, the department was able to increase the number of staff carried on the service from 7,580 to 8,500, while reducing the distance driven by 9%, cutting the number of buses used to 67 from 140, and reducing emissions by an estimated 2,500 tonnes a year. Importantly for the users of the service, on-time performance exceeded 97.5% by the end of the project.Other fuel- and emissions-savings initiatives completed during the year included:Introducing 2.8 litre petrol engine buses to replace 4.2 litre diesel buses for airside crew transfers, reducing emissions by Replacing 2.5 litre vehicles with more ef�cient 2.0 litre vehicles in the chauffeur drive and crew transport �eet, saving More ef�cient planning and use of existing vehicles, reducing the number of empty trips. LEET OUSES TRANSPORTS OVEREMIRATES GROUP STAETWEEN THEIR ACCATION ANPLA TONNES A YEAR Emirates Group ground vehiclesArabian Adventuresentral Servicesdnata Airport Operationsdnata CargoEmirates EngineeringargoSub-total (Dubai)ateringSub-total (ex-Dubai)Total Vehicles ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 Group companies have also been looking at ways to better manage wastewater in sensitive environments. Gulf Ventures is an award-winning destination management company, and operates its own camp for desert tours outside the city of ubai. The camp is located above an important freshwater aquifer, so waste water should be properly treated to prevent contamination of the groundwater. In 2013, the company installed a fully self-contained Australian-made waste water treatment system entirely powered by solar panels, making it ideal for the remote location. Electricity consumptionScope% changeDubaiWorldwidePer head of staff (ubai) Water consumptionScope% changeDubaiWorldwidePer head of staff (ubai)litres/head/day WATER SAVE ITY AN WATER 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 Water consumption (megalitres) Worldwide ML Dubai ML 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 Electricity consumption (MWh) Worldwide MWh Dubai MWh The Group’s electricity consumption in ubai increased 16%between 2012-13 and 2013-14, and water consumption grew 19%. The increases were largely driven by the opening of oncourse A ubai International Airport and the growth in staff numbers to service the expanding network.dnata’s Aircraft Appearances team, who are responsible for washing the exteriors of Emirates’ aircraft �eet, have been focused on minimising water use. eeping an aircraft clean is important not just for its appearance, but also to avoid additional fuel burn caused by the aerodynamic drag that a dirty aircraft skin creates. Washing a wide-body airliner can potentially consume a lot of water, but dnata has established baselines and targets for the amount of water used to clean each aircraft type, which gives a strong incentive for cleaning crews to manage water consumption.dnata saved over 333,500 litres of water compared with the baseline over the year, representing both �nancial savings on utilty bills and reduced environmental impact. ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14at the customer airlines, resulting in both additional use of paper and duplication of work. They set up a team to solve the problem, and they recommended an IT-based solution so that airlines could easily access the information. This considerably sped up the processing time, improved customer satisfaction, and saved 270,000 A4 sheets – about 1.3 tonnes – of paper a year.MATERIALS AN WASTE Waste generationScope% changeubaitonnesWorldwidetonnesPer head of staff (ubai)kg/head/day Materials recycled in tonnes (all Emirates Group sites) Material recycledPaper and cardboardUnspeci�ed recycling Glass324.6 Plastic - all types including plastic bottles and polycarbonateIT and e-waste WoodSteel - scrap and cans artridges Total (tonnes)Note: The �gure for recycling in 2012-13 has been revised since publication of the 2012-13 Environmental Report. 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000 Waste generation (tonnes) Worldwide Dubai 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 Recycling (tonnes) Re�ecting the growth in the Group’s operations, total waste generated increased 16.8% in ubai, and 25.0% worldwide. The Group continues to implement a wide range of recycling programmes to capture as many waste streams as possible. The total quantity of waste diverted from land�ll for recycling totalled 7,555.2 tonnes, compared with 6,212.7 tonnes the previous year. Waste reduction and recycling initiatives range from e-waste collection, through recycling of newspapers recovered from aircraft cabins, to promotion of e-freight – removing the paperwork from international freight.At ubai International Airport, dnata’s Aircraft Appearances cleaning crews collect newspapers, expired in�ight magazines and cardboard cartons for recycling from Emirates aircraft cabins. In 2013-14, dnata collected 1,756 tonnes of paper products for recycling from Emirates aircraft at Dubai, compared with 1,669 tonnes in 2012-13. Other initiatives are aimed at reducing or preventing waste in the �rst place, while at the same time enhancing service for customers. dnata’s Special Handling Services Unit handles special requests for customer airlines, such as providing wheelchair assistance for passengers. The unit discovered that the service charge notes that document the request were being re-printed for multiple reasons ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 Using processes that were developed at the beginning of commercial air cargo, some international shipments can require as many as 30 different paper documents. Eliminating the paper from air freight reduces the need to handle and store physical documents, minimises data capture needs, and saves on the costs of paper resources and of transporting the documents. Emirates along with the aviation industry and IATA are now spearheading a global push to introduce e-freight worldwide. Emirates SkyCargo �ew the world’s �rst paperless freighter �ight in 2011. In the �rst quarter of 2014, Emirates was the airline with the greatest use of electronic air waybills (e-AWs) by volume. TONNES O WASTE IVERTEROM LAN TONNES O PAPER PROROM EMIRATES AIR ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 In 2013-14, total Emirates Group emissions considered within the scope of this report reached 26,919,225 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, up 14.3% compared with the previous year consistent with the overall growth of the business.y far the largest proportion of the Emirates Group’s emissions come from the consumption of jet fuel in airline �ight operations. 95.3% of emissions were generated by �ight operations and the consumption of jet fuel, while ground operations accounted for 4.7% of emissions.GROUP IOXI Carbon dioxide emissions from worldwide ground operations in tonnes, by sourceSource% changeGround vehicles and equipmentWaterWaste to land�ll or incinerationTOTAL Emirates Group carbon dioxide emissions in tonnes, by scopeDubai (includes CO emissions from �ight operations)WorldwideSource% change% changeScope 1: Aviation fuel, diesel, petrol and LPG consumptionScope 2: Electricity and water consumptionScope 3: Waste to land�ll or incinerationTOTALNote: The �gure for diesel consumption in 2012-13 has been revised since publication of the 2012-13 Environmental Report. Emirates Group total carbon dioxide emissions in tonnesSource% changeGround operations (worldwide)TOTALROM ROM GROUN 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 0 5,000,000 10 15 20 25 30 Emirates Group total carbon dioxide emissions(tonnes) Ground operations(worldwide) operations ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 IVERSITY ANONSERVATIONTREES PLANTEUSTARRELEASE INTO THE WILUnique plants, animals and landscapes are features of our home base of ubai as well as the various countries that we operate in worldwide. Emirates has supported efforts to protect natural heritage by making large contributions to key conservation projects in Dubai and Australia.Dubai Desert Conservation ReserveEmirates helped to set up the 225 kmubai esert onservation Reserve in 2003. The Group continues to fund the operations of the Reserve, including ecological research which is delivering some valuable results. ey research activities in the past year have focused on vegetation monitoring, assessing the reserve’s carrying capacity for herbivores, and surveying populations of arthropods (such as insects, spiders and scorpions), rodents and red foxes.uring the year, the Reserve conducted a release programme for the culturally important but endangered houbara bustard in conjunction with the Ruler’s Of�ce and the National Avian Research entre. ive hundred birds were released on 15 April 2013 and another 500 on 17 and 18 February 2014. In March 2014, the �rst chicks were seen, con�rming their ability to breed in the wild in the reserve.Habitat improvements have continued in cooperation with the Dubai Engineer’s Of�ce. A total of 15,000 indigenous ghaf trees were planted across the DDCR, which added to the 9,830 trees planted in 2012. Solar powered pumps were installed to irrigate the young trees and provide water for wildlife. Ghaf trees are extremely hardy, growing in areas with less than 75 mm annual rainfall and temperatures up to 50 degrees elsius, their roots penetrating as far as 30m below ground to seek out groundwater. The trees provide valuable habitat for animals but they are vulnerable to browsing and environmental degradation.The reserve also operates an annual volunteer programmeconducted by iosphere Expeditions. The volunteers have helped survey for Gordon’s wildcat; although no wildcats were successfully found during the year, they did capture a rare sand fox, which helped to generate some important data. The volunteers also monitored the health of the iconic Arabian oryx population. ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 Emirates Wolgan Valley Resort and SpaEmirates Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa opened in New South Wales, Australia, in 2009 in a setting of 1,600 hectares of wilderness. The resort was built on the philosophy of complete integration with its environment, and has invested strongly in restoring the native vegetation and wildlife of the valley. It was one of the �rst luxury resorts in the world to receive an internationally-recognised carbon neutral certi�cation from New Zealand-based CarboNZero, and re-certi�cation was initiated during the 2013-14 �nancial year.The resort’s commitment to providing a high quality visitor experience with strong sustainability and conservation values helped it win the Sustainability award at the 2013 Travel + Leisure Global Vision Awards, as well as taking the award for the best Environmental Programme at the 2013 Hotel Management (HM) Awards. In addition, the resort took the award for the Top Hotel in Australia in the 2014 TripAdvisor Travellers’ hoice Awards.Habitat restoration is an ongoing priority. In the past year, guests of the resort have contributed to improving the valley environment by planting some 2,000 native trees and shrubs along the Wolgan River, which will provide a wider corridor for wildlife to move through the valley and help to stabilise the river banks.The efforts put into restoration are already paying dividends for the valley’s wildlife. In one of the most signi�cant conservation related events in the resort’s history, a guest photographed a rare spotted-tail quoll outside her suite in January 2014. About the size of a domestic cat, the spotted-tail quoll is mainland Australia’s largest carnivorous marsupial. The animals are becoming increasingly rare because of habitat loss and competition from introduced predators such as feral cats and red foxes. The resort will work on enhancing habitat for the spotted-tail quoll, as well as continuing to monitor for further sightings.Emirates Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa has a close association with the University of Western Sydney, along with several other research and education institutions. Students from the University of Western Sydney launched a number of new research projects during 2013, which will help to improve understanding of the valley’s wombats and eastern grey kangaroos. The knowledge gained from these projects will in turn assist our conservation managers �nd the best ways to manage these wildlife species.The resort took the award for the Top Hotel in TripAdvisor Travellers’ hoice Awards.NATIVE TREES ANPLANTE ALONG THE WOLGAN RIVER ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 MANILAIn 2013 Emirates launched ‘A Greener Tomorrow’, a programme to support not-for-pro�t environmental or conservation organisations through the provision of a funding award. The funding for ‘A Greener Tomorrow’ was raised through recycling programmes across the Emirates Group. We called upon our passengers, employees, universities and members of the general public to nominate eligible organisations, as well as encouraging environmental and conservation organisations to nominate themselves. Over 400 nominations were submitted, from countries across the Emiratesnetwork and beyond. The applications spanned environmental initiatives such as animal, land and tree conservation, biogas, environmental research, awareness-raising, and green transportation. The high quality of the applications led us to support three projects in three countries.The Institute for Climate and Sustainable Cities (iCSC): Ejeepney project, the Philippines works on sustainable energy solutions and fair climate policy. The ejeepney conversion programme will transform diesel-fuelled traditional jeepneys – the Philippines’ most popular means of public transport – into battery-powered electric vehicles. This substantially reduces local air pollution and carbon emissions. Multicabs from Tacloban whose engines were damaged by typhoon Haiyan will be �tted with electric motors, enabling the vehicles to be used as public transport vehicles again.A GREENER TOMORROWAIR POLLUTIONTRANSPORTATIONEJEEPNEYS ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 The Heritage Foundation: Moak Sharif Eco Village, Pakistanoundation is engaged in a wide range of activities, ranging from the construction of Eco-Villages, to sustainable farming practices, to the building of smokeless cook stoves and educating women and children in these sustainable practices. The funding award will be used to support projects across all of these areas in the Eco-Village, Moak Sharif, Pakistan.Ripple Africa: The Changu Changu Moto (Fast Fast Fire) project, MalawiRipple Africa focuses on environment, education and healthcare istrict of Malawi. The hangu Moto stove is a positive alternative to traditional open �res. It is simple, low cost, has a low tech sustainable structure and is sourced 100% from local materials. This stove reduces deforestation in the local area, as well as greatly reducing the direct inhalation of smoke. EALTATIONLOAL MATERIALSSUSTAINABLE PRAATA BAY ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14The year 2013 saw a number of important developments in international aviation environmental policy. As the world’s largest international airline by capacity, Emirates is making a positive contribution to these policy discussions through its work with the relevant national and international bodies.ifferent countries have different regulations governing aviation within their borders and airspace. The policy of Emirates is to comply with all relevant regulations in all territories in which it operates, including compliance with emissions standards and reporting requirements.Market-Based MeasuresEmirates welcomed the decision by the European Parliament ouncil to maintain the coverage of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) to intra-European Economic Area �ights until 2016. This decision will help to facilitate ICAO’s development of a global sectoral scheme. Airlines had faced several months of regulatory uncertainty after the European proposed to include the emissions from the proportion of all �ights within European airspace. The ommission made the proposal shortly after the 38th Session of the IAO Assembly resolved that States should engage in constructive consultations and negogiations with other States to reach agreement when espite the uncertainty around compliance deadlines before the European Parliament vote on the ETS on 3 April 2014, Emirates submitted its veri�ed annual emissions report for all of its European emissions to the U Environment Agency, Emirates’ regulatory agency under the scheme, before 31 March 2014.In line with the industry, Emirates supports a global sectoral approach to MMs to avoid the creation of multiple overlapping regional schemes. At its 38th Assembly Session, IAO resolved to develop a global MM scheme for international aviation. The organisation requested the IAO ouncil to recommend a global from 2020. The UAE has nominated technical specialists from Emirates to contribute to the IAO Global MM Task orce set up ommittee on Aviation Environmental Protection.CAO StandardsAO’s ommittee on Aviation Environmental Protection is currently developing the �rst international aircraft certi�cation standard for emissions. Nominated by the UAE, Emirates’ subject matter experts have contributed to the work on the standard as well as that of other AEP working groups. Emirates’ experts also participated in the UAE delegation to the annual AEP Steering Group meeting, which the UAE hosted in ubai in November 2013.The UAE State Action PlanThe 38th Session of the IAO Assembly encouraged Member States to provide voluntary action plans reporting on their international aviation emissions and relevant policies and actions. Emirates contributed to the working group set up by the ivil Aviation Authority to inform the development of the UAE State Action Plan.SETTING INUSTRY TARGETS ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 ATA TargetAviation is the �rst industry to agree on global targets to carbon emissions. These collective industry targets include a 1.5% annual fuel ef�ciency improvement until 2020, carbon neutral growth from 2020 onwards and an absolute reduction in of 50% by 2050, compared with 2005 levels. IATA has outlined a four-pillar strategy to meet these targets, including improved technology, more ef�cient aircraft operations, infrastructure improvements, and market-based measures to �ll the remaining emissions gap.These four pillars are: Improved technology, including advances in aircraft, engine and navigation technology;More ef�cient aircraft operations, including shorter and more fuel ef�cient �ight paths;Infrastructure improvements, including air traf�c management and airport systems; andMarket-based measures, to address the remaining ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 To: the Presidents of the Emirates GroupEngagement and responsibilitiesWe have been engaged by the Emirates Group (hereafter: the reported Environmental Report 2013-2014 by the EmiratesGroup, Dubai:• Total• Total• Fuelef�ciencyvolume per passenger kilometre, volume per • CO2ef�ciency weight CO2• Percentage AnnexVolume andVolume• OperationalEf�ciencyEnvironmental2013-2014The Presidents of the Emirates Group are presentation of the Environmental Report 2013-2014. environmental data presented in the 2013-2014.are described in the Emirates Group 2013-2014 Methodology, dated 15 December 2014, available suf�cientquanti�cationare used by mathematical models to calculate emissions, and the inability of those models to precisely characterize under all circumstances scienti�cknowledge. ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 Within the scope of our work we performed, amongst others, the following procedures:• reviewedof the activities and structure of the• conducted accuracy• reconciled external• performed• evaluated quanti�cation• assessedthe methods used to estimate missing data; • evaluatedoverallof the annual environmental data, as presented in the Environmental Report2013-2014 (including an evaluation of theconsistency of the information, in line with theWe believe that the evidence we have obtained is suf�cientOpinionEnvironmental Report 2013-2014 (pages 8 and 9)have been prepared, in all material respects, in Report 2013-14 – Reporting Guidelines and Methodology.2014PricewaterhouseCoopersN.V.Jan van der Hilst Scope and procedures performedLaw ‘Assurance�nancialGreenhousethe reported annual environmental data are freeReasonable assurance veri�cationveri�erthe reported annual environmental data in orderveri�cationappropriate in the circumstances, but not for effectiveness ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14REVIATIONSUnited Arab Emirates dirhamavailable seat kilometresAsia and South Paci�c Initiative to Reduce EmissionsATavailable tonne kilometres Committee on Aviation Environmental Protectioncarbon monoxidecarbon dioxide Dubai esert onservation ReserveEmirates ateringeffective perceived noise level in decibelsEU ETSEuropean Union Emissions Trading Systemg grams of per freight tonne kilometreg grams of per passenger kilometreivil Aviation Authoritygreenhouse gas emissionsIATAInternational Air Transport AssociationAOInternational ivil Aviation OrganisationIndian Ocean Strategic Partnership to Reduce Emissionskg kilograms of per tonne kilometreL/100Plitres per 100 passenger kilometreslitres per freight tonne kilometreL/Tlitres per tonne kilometreLTO ycle landing and take-off cyclemarket-based measurenitrogen oxidesoperational fuel ef�ciency factorRequired Navigation Performance-Authorisation Requiredtonne kilometres per litreunburnt hydrocarbonzero fuel weightREVIATIONS ANAsia and Paci�c Initiative to Reduce Emissions (ASPIRE), Annual Report 2013. http:/www.aspire-green.com/mediapublications/docs/annual_report2013.pdfIndian Ocean Strategic Partnership to Reduce Emissions (INSPIRE), 2013 AnnualReport. http://www.inspire-green.com/docs/14-055Report_2013_LOWRES.pdfInternational Air Transport Association (IATA), World Air Transport Statistics (WATS), 58th Edition, 2014.IATA, Fact Sheet: Climate Change, December 2013. http://www.iata.org/pressroom/facts_�gures/fact_sheets/Pages/environment.aspxInternational Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), Resolutions Adopted by the Assembly, Assembly – 38th Session, Montréal, 24 September – 4 October 2013.ICAO, Report of the Committee on Aviation EnvironmentalProtection, Sixth Meeting, Montréal, 2-12 ebruary 2004 ICAO, Report of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection, Eighth Meeting, Montréal, 1 – 12 ebruary 2010 ICAO, Report of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection, Ninth Meeting, Montréal, 4-15 ebruary 2013 United Nations, Convention on International Civil Aviation, ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2013-14 theemiratesgroup.comPrinted on 100% recycled paper