KNOWN AS - PowerPoint Presentation

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KNOWN AS

PILGRIMS

, THEY HAD LEFT ENGLAND BECAUSE OF RELIGIOUS CONFLICT.

YOU HAVE BEEN FORCED TO LEAVE YOUR HOMES FOR A NEW LAND ACROSS THE OCEAN- WHAT KIND OF PROBLEMS WOULD HAVE CONVINCED YOU TO MOVE?Slide3

Act of Supremacy in 1534 makes the monarch also the head of the Church of England or Anglican Church.

The Pilgrims were called SEPERATISTS, so called because they broke away from the Anglican Church. The Pilgrims were the most radical of the PURITANS, protestants who wished to “purify” the Anglican Church of all Catholic rituals and traditions. Slide4

101 PASSENGERS AND 25 CREW MEN ABOARD THE MAYFLOWER REACHED CAPE COD BAY IN NOVEMBER 1620. THEY WERE AT SEA FOR ALMOST 9 WEEKS, ENDURING MANY VIOLENT STORMS.

MAYFLOWERSlide5

Were supposed to land at the mouth of the Hudson River in at the time Northern Virginia. History says they were blown off course, but maybe went north so they didn’t have to abide by the laws of the Virginia colony.Slide6

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwJDraGAV44 Slide7

MAYFLOWER COMPACT-

WHILE STILL ABOARD THE MAYFLOWER, 41 OF THE MALE PASSENGERS SIGNED AN AGREEMENT TO HELP THEM GOVERN THEIR NEW COLONY. THE

MAYFLOWER COMPACT

ESTABLISHED A PRECEDENT FOR GOVERNMENTS BASED ON WRITTEN AGREEMENTS AND THE CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED. Slide8
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THANKSGIVINGSlide10

THE REAL FIRST THANKSGIVINGSlide11

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17goYv_zFQU Slide12

THE GREAT MIGRATION- beginning in 1630, more than 40,000 people left England for the Americas. It is estimated that 10 to 20,000 Puritans landed in New England. Crop failures, economic depression in the wool industry, the enclosure movement and King Charles I forced many to look for a new life. Land was scarce, and the money needed to purchase an acre of land in England would purchase several hundred in America.Slide13

Puritans also believed in predestination- the chosen people.General Court required parents to make sure their children learned how to read. 1636 Harvard College was founded by the General Court, 1st

college in North America.

“Old Deluder Laws”- 1647 required

individual towns to maintain schools

. Other colonies were slower to establish schools. In 1701, Yale University was founded in Connecticut.Slide14

WOMEN AND FAMILIESIn contrast to Jamestown, Puritan men brought along their wives and families. They considered orderly families to be essential to a stable society. Women were expected to obey men- “ I am but a wife and therefore it is sufficient for me to follow my husband.” Women rarely worked in the fields- they made soap, yarn, butter, clothes and cheese.

Families were often large- at least 6 children, usually 8 to 10. Food was plentiful and the diseases that plagued Jamestown did not survive the NE climate.

Colonist Mary Buell died at age 90 and had 336 living descendants

. Slide15

COMMERCEAlthough there were indentured servants and slaves, most fathers and sons provided the labor needed. Because of the long winters and poor soil-not much leftover to sell.Fishing, trade and business flourished. They sold fish, grain, lumber, and meat to Europe and the West Indies. Slide16

CONFLICT IN NEW ENGLANDThomas Hooker- his congregation left for more farmland, so they moved southwest to the Connecticut Valley. In 1639, Hookers settlers adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, widely considered the 1

st

written constitution.

Roger Williams-

a man who believed in strict separation of church and state was banished by the Puritans. He purchased land from the Narragansett Indians and founded a settlement in Providence, Rhode Island. In 1644 he obtained a charter for the colony granting religious freedom to its inhabitants. Slide17

Attracted by the profitable fur trade, the Dutch West India Company established a colony in 1624. New Netherland extended inland along the Hudson River Valley and the town of New Amsterdam was founded on Manhattan Island. There was little luck attracting Dutch settlers and by 1644 it was said that there were 18 different languages being spoken.Most settlers believed that their leaders were weak and refused to defend the colony when the English came in 1664, Peter Stuyvesant surrendered. New Amsterdam was renamed

New York

and became an English colony.

Proprietary Colony-

a colony granted by a king or queen to an individual or group who had full governing rights. Slide18

Duke of York (James II) granted lands to two English Nobleman- Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley.

Named after the Island of Jersey in the English Channel.

Carteret 1

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governor

Elizabethtown- 1

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capital of the colony

West Jersey and East JerseySlide19

WAYTON’S FACTS OF NJNJ DIVIDED INTO 2 COLONIESWEST JERSEY CAPITAL WAS BURLINGTONEAST JERSEY CAPITAL PERTH AMBOY1

ST

QUAKER SETTLEMENT BURLINGTON 1637

LORD CORNBURY- GOVERNOR OF NJSlide20
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Delaware- 1638 settlers from Sweden started a permanent colony. Captured by the English and turned over to William Penn in 1682.“Penn’s Woods” was Pennsylvania- it was a “Holy Experiment” but he wanted his colonists to practice religious toleration.Settlers were the Quakers-members of a protestant group that suffered religious persecution in England. Quakers believed that all people should be treated equally, not only in church but in government and society.

It was a Haven- or safe place for people of every faith. Other groups invaded Pennsylvania like the Irish, Scots, Swiss Mennonites and the Germans. So many Germans settled in the colony they became known as the Pennsylvania Dutch.Slide22
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Virginia was a thriving colony with a population over 10,000 people. Tobacco fueled the economy and the promise of huge profits led more people to the colony.

George Calvert, Lord of Baltimore settled the land surrounding the Chesapeake Bay. His son

Cecilius

Calvert, took over after his death and founded Maryland (named after Charles I wife

H

enrietta Maria in 1632)Slide24

Calvert wanted to create a safe haven for Catholics who faced persecution in England. He also hoped to make money. Due to the lack of Catholic immigration, Maryland was opened to protestants as well and in 1649 the Maryland assembly passed the Toleration Act granting religious freedom.Slide25

75% of indentured servants who came to the Chesapeake region were boys between the ages of 15 and 24.

High death rates affected the population. Typhoid and malaria were prevalent. Some 40% of immigrants died within the 1

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2 years of their arrival. Life expectancy slowly improved as native-born colonists, who had better immunity, increased in numbers.

Family life was unlike that in New England. Half of all marriages ended within 7 years with the death of a partner. Many remarried-creating stepparents, stepsiblings and children.Slide26

Rural society- scattered farms and plantations.

The fact that farmers did not bring their crops to a central market hindered the growth of towns.

This affected schooling and as a result, education was left to the families- a key difference from the NE colonies.Slide27

1663 King Charles II granted land between Virginia and Spanish Florida. The colony was named Carolina- Latin form of the name Charles. Later the colony was split into North and South.

Many settlers from the Chesapeake region established small farms in North Carolina. South

C

arolina’s 1

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colonists were from the

B

arbados. They raised cattle, cut timber and traded with the natives. The settlers tried to grow rice and failed. Enslaved Africans from rice-growing regions in Africa gave the settlers the knowledge they needed. The swampy coastal region was transformed into profitable rice plantations.Slide28

Charles Town- present day Charleston attracted European Jews, Germans, Scots, Scot-Irish, Huguenots and West Indians.

Demand for plantation workers was so great that by 1720, 2/3 of the population were slaves. On large rice plantations slaves had little to no contact with white colonists. As a result, slaves in this region retained many African traditions.Slide29

Georgia- established in 1733 by James Oglethorpe. It was a social experiment, a fresh start for the English poor. We hope this colony will “carry off the poor that pester the streets of London.”

Colony attracted very few because of its strict prohibitions on rum and slavery. Settlers complained that without slaves it could not survive. 1750 slavery was allowed.Slide30