1 6 or how to make sense out of Ch 2 and Ch 3 of the text Major Periods in the History of Physical Anthropology PreScientific Period to 1859 Period of Evolutionism and Concern over Races 1860 ca 1940 ID: 575553
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Slide1
Major Characteristics of Modern Physical Anthropology
#1 - #6Slide2
. . . or how to make sense
out of
Ch. 2 and Ch. 3 of the text . . .Slide3
Major Periods in the History of Physical Anthropology“Pre-Scientific Period” (to 1859)Period of Evolutionism and Concern over Races (1860 - ca. 1940)
The Period Since WW IISlide4
http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pchistory.htmlSlide5
1. Increased interest in the behavior of apes and monkeys, particularly field studies
Modern Physical AnthropologySlide6
Slide7
Slide8Slide9Slide10Slide11
difficult termsSlide12
ethology scientific study of the social behavior of animals, especially in their natural environments
GlossarySlide13
ethnology comparative study of cultures
GlossarySlide14
primatology scientific study of the social behavior of primates, especially apes and monkeys
GlossarySlide15
primatologist one who studies the behavior and social lives of chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys, etc.e.g., Jane Goodall
Diane
Fossy
Birute
Galdikas-Brindamour
GlossarySlide16
primatologiste.g., Jane GoodallGlossarySlide17
Jane GoodallSlide18
Jane GoodallSlide19
Jane GoodallSlide20
Glossary primatologiste.g., Diane FossySlide21
Dian FossySlide22
Dian FossySlide23
Dian FossySlide24
Glossary primatologiste.g., Birute Galdikas - BrindamourSlide25Slide26Slide27
Modern Physical Anthropology2. Shift of Emphasis from measurement and classification toward a concern with the influence of genetics on stability and variation
in human populationsSlide28
Slide29
Slide30Slide31Slide32Slide33
Brace, The Stages of Human Evolution, 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall, 1988, p. 25.Slide34
Hrdlička, Aleš. “Anthropology of theChippewa.” (1916). In Holmes Anniversary Volume, F. W. Hodge (ed.). Washington: G. W. Bryan,
pp. 198 – 227.Slide35Slide36Slide37Slide38Slide39
2. Shift of Emphasis from measurement and classification toward a concern with the influence of genetics on stability and variation in human populations
Modern Physical AnthropologySlide40
things are inherited as “particles”chromosomesDNA
particulate inheritance
GlossarySlide41
A model of a human chromosome
Understanding Humans, 10
th
ed
., p.
76Slide42
genotypephenotype
Basic ConceptsSlide43
Understanding Humans, 10th ed
., p.
53
Punnett
square representing
possible genotypes and phenotypes
gametes are “reproductive cells
(eggs and sperm in animals)
developed from precursor cells
in ovaries and testes”Slide44
Punnett square representing possible genotypes and phenotypes
Understanding Humans, 10
th
ed
., p.
53Slide45
Punnett square representing possible genotypes and phenotypes
Understanding Humans, 10
th
ed
., p.
53Slide46
Punnett square representing possible genotypes and phenotypes
Understanding Humans, 10
th
ed
., p.
53Slide47
Understanding Humans, 10
th
ed
., p.
52Slide48
genotypephenotype
Basic ConceptsSlide49
genotypephenotype
Basic ConceptsSlide50
Understanding Humans, 10
th
ed
., p.
76
“Some examples of phenotypic variation among Africans.”
San (South African)Slide51
“Some examples of phenotypic variation among Africans.”
San (South African)
Understanding Humans, 10
th
ed
., p.
76Slide52
genotypephenotype
Basic ConceptsSlide53
Understanding Humans, 10th ed
., p. 45Slide54
Work on blood studies, blood typing . . .
Modern Physical AnthropologySlide55
Slide56
www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/video/Yanomamo.htmlSlide57Slide58
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 57
(a) Shows “the discontinuous Distribution of a
Mendelian
trait
(ABO blood type)
in a theoretical population. . . .”Slide59
“ABO blood group system. Distribution of the B allele in the indigenous populations of the world.”(After Mourant et al., 1976.)
Understanding Humans, 10
th
ed
., p.
57Slide60
sickle cell anemia frequencieswww.blackwellpublishing.com/ridley/tutorials/The_theory_of_natural_selection
__part_2_8.aspSlide61
Understanding Humans, 10th ed
., p. 68
“Distribution of the sickle-cell allele in the Old World.”Slide62
Work on dietary influences on body composition, nutrition and healthModern Physical AnthropologySlide63
Slide64
Slide65
Understanding Humans, 10
th
ed
., p.
8
Kathleen Galvin measures upper arm circumference
of a young
Maasai
boy in
Tanania
.Slide66Slide67Slide68
Work on the effects of things like differing muscle stress on body shapehuman morphology
Modern Physical AnthropologySlide69Slide70
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11346164/Slide71
Why do childrenadopted at a very young ageoften end uplooking like their adoptive parent(s)?
Modern Physical AnthropologySlide72
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6055430.stmSlide73
www.smh.com.au/news/national/the-costello-smirk-through-the-ages/2006/07/15/1152637916308.htmlSlide74
Casey and Penny Roufs 27 September 2007Slide75
Casey and Tim Roufs 27Slide76Slide77
Campbell, Humankind Emerging, 8th ed
., p. 369Slide78Slide79Slide80
This process is unintentional, and occurs by imitationBut in other situations body modification is intentional . . .
Modern Physical AnthropologySlide81
halfmoon.org
Koskimo
(Kwakiutl) woman
Mayan head deformationSlide82Slide83
NurtureorNature?Slide84
6. Work on genetic processes as they determine morphology and other things . . . Modern Physical AnthropologySlide85
Slide86Slide87Slide88Slide89Slide90Slide91
Work on effects of culture as it influences human breeding patternsNEXT
:
Modern Physical Anthropology