Mosses Liverworts amp Hornworts Chapter 22 Evolution of Land Plants Land plants evolved from green algae Evidences Share chemical amp metabolic traits Same photosynthetic pigments Store excess carbohydrates as starch ID: 616928
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Slide1
The BryophytesMosses, Liverworts, & Hornworts
Chapter 22Slide2
Evolution of Land PlantsLand plants evolved from green algae
Evidences:
Share chemical & metabolic traits
Same photosynthetic pigmentsStore excess carbohydrates as starchCellulose is a major component of both cell wallsThe most direct ancestors of plants are the Charophytes “stoneworts”Slide3
Adaptations for Life on LandCuticle
Waxy covering over the epidermis of aerial plant parts
Prevents
desiccation “water loss”StomataSmall pore in the plant epidermisAllows gas exchange for photosynthesisSlide4
The Plant Life Cycle
Alternation of Generations
Haploid
(gametophyte) stage alternates with a diploid (sporophyte) stage in the life cycleSlide5
Plant ReproductionGametangia – Plant sex organs
Consists of 2 parts:
A protective outer layer of sterile (non-reproductive) cells
Gametes – sperm or egg cells.Male Gametangia = AntheridiumBears numerous sperm cellsFemale Gametangia = ArchegoniumBears a single egg cellSlide6
Moss GametangiaAntheridium – Male
Archegonium – FemaleSlide7
4 Main Groups of Plants
Bryophytes – Nonvascular; spores
Mosses
StonewortsLiverwortsSeedless vascular plants; sporesClub MossesFerns, whisk ferns, and horsetails
Gymnosperms; seeds
Conifers
Cycads
Ginkgoes
Gnetophytes
Angiosperms “Flowering plants”; seeds
Monocots
EudicotsSlide8
Quiz!What is vascular tissue?What are the two types of tissue that make up the vascular tissue system?
What does each tissue do? Slide9
Bryophytes“
moss plant
”
Nonvascular plantsCannot extensively transport water, sugar, and mineralsRely on diffusion and osmosis to obtain water and dissolved nutrientsTypically smallSome have a cuticleSome absorb water directly through leaf surfacesMost require moist environments to reproduceSlide10
Bryphytes3 Phyla of Bryophytes
Phylum Bryophyta: Mosses
Phylum Hepatophyta: Liverworts
Phylum Anthocerophyta: HornwortsAll are Gametophyte dominantSpend most of their life cycle in the gametophyte stageSlide11
Mosses
Location: soil, rocks, tree bark
Help form soil
Colonize rocky sites that were previously colonized by lichensPrevent soil erosionGrow packed together in dense coloniesThe Moss BodyThallus – Body structureRhizoids – hair-like absorptive structuresDo not have true roots, stems, or leaves
Many mosses have separate sexes: male plants and female plants
The gametophyte generation is dominantSlide12
Lifecycle of Mosses: Read p. 435
A filament of haploid cells that grows from a sporeSlide13
BryophytesGametophyte Generation
Sporophyte GenerationSlide14
Liverworts
Thallus
A body that lacks roots, stems, or leaves
Liverworts get their name from their liver shaped thallusGemmaeAsexual reproductive structure of liverwortsSmall balls of tissueBorne in a saucer-shaped structure – gemmae cupSlide15
Hornworts
Location: fields & roadsides
Thalloids
- 1-2 cm
Sporophyte generations form h
ornlike projections out of the gametophyte
thallusSlide16
Hornworts