PPT-The Cytosolic Bacterial Peptidoglycan Sensor

Nod2 Affords Stem Cell Protection and Links Microbes to Gut Epithelial Regeneration 王鐘漢 The intestinal crypt is a site of potential interactions between microbiota products stem cells and other cell types found in this niche including Paneth cells and thus offers a potential for commensal microbes to influence the host epithelium However the complexity of this microenvironment has been a challenge to deciphering the underlying mechanisms We used in vitro cultured organoids of intestinal crypts from mice reinforced with in vivo experiments to examine the cryptmicrobiota interface We find that within the intestinal crypt Lgr5 stem cells constitutively express the cytosolic innate immune sensor Nod2 at levels much higher than in Paneth cells Nod2stimulation by its bona fide agonist . A. Anatomy of the Bacteria. Bacterial Shapes and Configurations. . Bacillus. - (pl. bacilli) rod shaped. Coccus. - (pl. cocci) sphere shaped. Spiral. - (sing. Spirillum) spiral shaped, . vibrio. Last day. Brief . introduction to bacteria, . Archaebacteria. , and bacterial culturing media. . Today. We will start by looking at our cultures, and providing colony descriptors. . We . will learn about the Biology of Bacteria. Biology CP. What is Bacteria?. Prokaryotic. Can be: . Eubacteria. Archaebacteria. What is Bacteria?. Prokaryotic: does NOT have a nucleus. Can be: . Eubacteria. Archaebacteria. What is Bacteria?. Prokaryotic: does NOT have a nucleus. Bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis and its relationship to antibiotic resistance and the development of new . antibacterials. . David I Roper. School of Life Sciences. www.warwick.ac.uk/go/ropergroup. Lecturer : Dr. . Thanaa. . Rasheed. Historical Introduction Concerning the Development of the Science of Microbiology.. -. The golden age of Microbiology began after the year 1850. . Many scientists contribute to the science of Microbiology.. Structure & Function. Dr.Qurat-Ul-Ain. Department Of Microbiology. KEMU,Lahore. . Two Basic Types of Cells. _____________________. ______________. Size of Living Things. 1 m = 100 cm = 1,000mm = 1,000,000 .  . Bacteria form a large group of parasitic, saprophytic, and free-living microorganism .  . 1. Bacterial cell wall (protects against osmotic damage).  . Bacterial cell is prokaryotic. Contains high concentration . Cellular organisms. In one of two domains: . Archaea. and Eubacteria. Generally smaller than eukaryotes. Most are unicellular, some form colonies or filaments. No membrane-enclosed organelles. Ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm. Bacteriology: . study . of . bacteria. Mycology: . study . of . fungi. Protozoology: . study . of . protozoa. Phycology (or algology): . study . of . algae. Parasitology: . study . of . parasites. Immunology: . microscopic single celled organisms. collective biomass – . 10x of all eukaryotes!!!!!. vast genetic diversity among members. physical diversity. shapes: . spheres (. coccus. ), rods (bacilli) and spirals. Our area of expertise is reducing your risks associated with biofilms. With 21 years experience in the food hygiene industry we have selected a basket of products that . DETECT – REMOVE – PREVENT . . How are Prokaryotes Different from Eukaryotes?. The way their DNA is packaged. No nucleus. Not wrapped around . histones. The makeup of their cell wall. Bacteria- peptidoglycan. Archae- tough and made of other chemicals, distinct to them. Dr.Qurat-Ul-Ain. Department Of Microbiology. KEMU,Lahore. . Two Basic Types of Cells. _____________________. ______________. Size of Living Things. 1 m = 100 cm = 1,000mm = 1,000,000 . µ. m = 1,000,000,000nm. . Bakir. Structure of bacteria . 2. It . is important to understand the basic structural properties and the physiology of micro-organisms to establish our approach to infections. . Q: . So, why is it important to know this structure and how can we benefit from that? .