Introduction Evaluation of Information System A set of hardware software data procedural and human components that work together to generate collect store retrieve process analyze andor distribute ID: 418742
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Z519: Information Analytics
Introduction
Evaluation of Information SystemSlide2
A set of hardware, software,
data
, procedural, and human components that work together to generate, collect, store, retrieve, process, analyze, and/or distribute information.– William S. Davis (1994). Business systems analysis and design. Wadsworth: Belmont, CAAn integrated set of components for collecting, storing, processing, and communicating information – BritannicaA system of persons, data records and activities that process the data and information in an organization, and it includes the organization’s manual and automated processes. -- Wikipedia
What is an Information System?Slide3
IS - our daily life
Business firms
OrganizationsSchoolsIndividualsWe rely on IS:Manage operations (process financial accounts)Compete in the marketplace (automate information processing)Supply services (governmental services to citizens)Augment personal lives (study, shop, bank and invest)
Why IS?Slide4
The first large-scale mechanized information system – Herman Hollerith’s census tabulator (to process the 1890 US Census)
HistorySlide5
History
Left to right: The circuit-closing press ("card reader"); diagram of press; hand insertion of card into a sorter compartment that opened automatically based on the values punched into the card; tallying the day's results. "Each completed circuit caused an electromagnet to advance a counting dial by one number. The tabulator's 40 dials allowed the answers to several questions to be counted simultaneously. At the end of the day, the total on each dial was recorded by hand and the dial set back to zeroSlide6
UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer I)
one of the first computers used for information processing
Used to process US Census in 1951HistorySlide7
Personal Computers (PC)
Available to small business and individuals in 1970s
Around 1Billion PC has been sold since mid-1970sHistorySlide8
http://blog.mylookout.com/mobile-phone-evolution/
Evolution of Cell PhonesSlide9
The
World Wide Web
("WWW" or simply the "Web") is a system of interlinked, hypertext documents that runs over the Internet. With a Web browser, a user views Web pages that may contain text, images, and other multimedia and navigates between them using hyperlinks. - wikipediaThe Web was created around 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau working at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. As its inventor, Berners-Lee conceived the Web to be the Semantic Web where all its contents should be descriptively marked-up.
HistorySlide10
Hypertext/hyperlink:
Resource Identifiers
unique identifiers used to locate a particular resource (computer file, document or other resource) on the networkURI (Uniform Resource Identifier)/URL (Uniform Resource Locator): http or ftphttp://somehost/absolute/URI/with/absolute/path/to/resource.txt ftp://somehost/resource.txt Markup language:
characters or codes embedded in text which indicate structure, semantic meaning, or advice on presentation
WWW: Basic IdeasSlide11
WWW – Web 1.0Slide12
The current (syntactic / structural) WebSlide13
Was the Web meant to be more?Slide14
The term
Web 2.0
was made popular by Tim O’Reilly:http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0“Web 2.0 … has … come to refer to what some people describe as a second phase of architecture and application development for the World Wide Web.”The Web where “ordinary” users can meet, collaborate, and share using
social software
applications
on the Web (tagged content, social bookmarking, AJAX, etc.)
Popular examples include:
Bebo, del.icio.us, digg, Flickr, Google Maps, Skype, Technorati, orkut, 43 Things, Wikipedia…
Social Web – Web 2.0Slide15Slide16Slide17Slide18
http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html
The Web as platform
Harnessing collective intelligenceData is the next “Intel Inside”End of the software release cycle
Lightweight programming models
Software above the level of a single device
Rich user experiences
Features / principles of Web 2.0Slide19
Tim Berners-Lee has a vision of a Semantic Web which
has machine-understandable semantics of information, and
millions of small specialized reasoning services that provide support in automated task achievement based on the accessible informationSemantic Web – Web 3.0Slide20
“An extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.”
Sir Tim Berners-Lee et al., Scientific American, 2001: tinyurl.com/i59p
“…allowing the Web to reach its full potential…”
with far-reaching consequences
“The next generation of the Web”
What is the Semantic Web?Slide21
Metadata and SemanticsSlide22
Semantic Web - Language towerSlide23
Searching - Providing better communication between human and computers by adding machine-processable semantics to data.
Integrating - trying to solve the problem of data and service integration
What is Semantic Web for?Slide24
Linked Open Data
S519Slide25
From Web 1.0 to Web 3.0
Web 1.0
Web 2.0
Web 3.0
Personal
Websites
Blogs
Semantic Blogs:
semiBlog, Haystack, Semblog, Structured Blogging
Content Management
Systems
,
Britannica
Online
Wikis, Wikipedia
Semantic Wikis:
Semantic MediaWiki, SemperWiki, Platypus, dbpedia, Rhizome
Altavista, Google
Google Personalised, DumbFind, Hakia
Semantic Search:
SWSE, Swoogle, Intellidimension
CiteSeer, Project Gutenberg
Google Scholar, Book Search
Semantic Digital Libraries:
JeromeDL, BRICKS, Longwell
Message Boards
Community Portals
Semantic Forums and Community Portals:
SIOC, OpenLink DataSpaces
Buddy Lists, Address Books
Online Social Networks
Semantic Social Networks:
FOAF, PeopleAggregator
…
…
Semantic
Social
Information
Spaces
:
Nepomuk
,
GnowsisSlide26
Data ScientistsData Analytics
Citizen Data Scientists
Is data science for computer or data science for human?http://www.kdnuggets.com/Big Data