PDF-(READ)-Cut It Out: The C-Section Epidemic in America

Cut It Out examines the exponential increase in the United States of the most technological form of birth that exists the cesarean sectionWhile csection births pose a higher risk of maternal death and medical complications can have negative future reproductive consequences for the mother increase the recovery time for mothers after birth and cost almost twice as much as vaginal deliveries the 2011 cesarean section rate of 33 percent is one of the highest recorded rates in US history and an increase of 50 percent over the past decade Further once a woman gives birth by csection her chances of having a vaginal delivery for future births drops dramatically This decrease in vaginal births after cesarean sections VBAC is even more alarming one third of hospitals and one half of physicians do not even allow a woman a trial of labor after a csection and 90 percent of women will go on to have the csection surgery again for subsequent pregnancies Of comparative developed countries only Brazil and Italy have higher csection rates csections occur in only 19 of births in France 17 of births in Japan and 16 of births in FinlandHow did this happen Theresa Morris challenges most existing explanations of the unprecedented rise in csection rates which locate the cause of this trend in physicians practicing defensive medicine women choosing csections for scheduling reasons or womens poor health and older ages Morriss explanation of the csection epidemic is more complicated taking into account the power and structure of legal political medical and professional organizations gendered ideas that devalue women hospital organizational structures and protocols and professional standards in the medical and insurance communities She argues that there is a new culture within medicine that avoids risk or unpredictable outcomes and instead embraces planning and conservative choices all in an effort to have perfect births Based on 130 indepth interviews with women who had just given birth obstetricians midwives and labor and delivery nurses as well as a careful examination of local and national level csection rates Cut It Out provides a comprehensive riveting look at a littleknown epidemic that greatly affects the lives health and families of each and every woman in America. 1 CD6 SE Fig 1 CD XT SE Fig 1 CD8 SE Fig 1 CD ransport brPage 3br 325 1015 Reading 325 325 Fig 3 17 59 57 Fig 2 1 1 1 brPage 4br Cyrus CD 6 SE 2 CD 8 SE 2 CD XT SE 2 CD T TRANSPORT User Instructions 1 IMPORTANT Read before operating this equipme 1 CD6 SE Fig 1 CD XT SE Fig 1 CD8 SE Fig 1 CD ransport brPage 3br 325 1015 Reading 325 325 Fig 3 17 59 57 Fig 2 1 1 1 brPage 4br Cyrus CD 6 SE 2 CD 8 SE 2 CD XT SE 2 CD T TRANSPORT User Instructions 1 IMPORTANT Read before operating this equipme 4SanderJ.J.Leemans,DirkFahland,andWilM.P.vanderAalst (a)Lwith!cut (b)L1withcut (c)L2with^cut (d)L3with cut (e)DiscoveredPetrinetFigure2:Directly-followsgraphs.Dashedlinesdenotecuts.Edgeshavetheirfreq ECML-PKDD 2010, Barcelona, Spain. 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