Why is understanding circadian rhythms useful Provide a limitation of research into the disruption of circadian rhythms What is the difference between U ltradian and I nfradian rhythms ID: 1046886
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1. Starter QuizIdentify one IDA that could be used to evaluate Circadian rhythmsWhy is understanding circadian rhythms useful?Provide a limitation of research into the disruption of circadian rhythmsWhat is the difference between Ultradian and Infradian rhythms? Give one example of an Ultradian rhythmIdentify an endogenous pacemaker associated with ultradian rhythmsGive one example of an Infradian rhythmIdentify an endogenous pacemaker associated with this rhythm
2. Ultradian and Infradian Rhythms
3. Outline one or more examples of Ultradian rhythms. (4 marks)Ultradian rhythms are rhythms that have a cycle length of more than one cycle every _________. The sleep cycle is an ultradian rhythm and most people have _____ cycles of sleep that last approximately ___ minutes each night. There are two classifications of sleep, _____ and _____. _____ consists of 4 stages and REM sleep is the final stage of the sleep cycle.In the first two cycles, the sleeper descends through the lighter stages of sleep (stages 1-3) into the _________ stage of sleep (stage 4), then onto ____ sleep for around ____ minutes. In the last 3 cycles, the sleeper moves from stage 2 straight to REM and periods of REM get increasingly longer.
4. Outline one or more examples of Ultradian rhythms. (4 marks)Ultradian rhythms are rhythms that have a cycle length of more than one cycle every 24 hours. The sleep cycle is an ultradian rhythm and most people have five cycles of sleep that last approximately 90 minutes each night. There are two classifications of sleep, NREM & REM. NREM consists of 4 stages and REM sleep is the final stage of the sleep cycle. In the first two cycles, the sleeper descends through the lighter stages of sleep (stages 1-3) into the deeper stage of sleep (stage 4), then onto REM sleep for around 10 minutes. In the last 3 cycles, the sleeper moves from stage 2 straight to REM and periods of REM get increasingly longer.
5. Ultradian rhythmsHow do we measure this? Match them upMuscles?, electrical activity?, eye movements?Electroencephalographs (EEGs)Electro-Oculograms (EOGs)Electromyograms (EMGs)
6. Pair and independent activityAs a pair- Represent each study using only images on MWBDement and Kleitman (1957)Wehr (1992)Ekirch (2001)Best drawings win a sticker2. Pack- Whilst doing this individually Ground studies7/8
7. Sleep is measured in a laboratoryWhy does this way of studying the Ultradian rhythm give objective and replicable evidence? Why are objectivity and replicability positive qualities for evidence to have?Add to page 7
8. IDA Example for Ultradian Rhythms: The Sleep CycleThe Point:Biological determinismNature nurtureReductionismExplain the Point:Little Free will Simplistic- ignores cultural/societal factorsSimplistic- Does not fully explain external influencesSo What?Research methodology evaluationImplicationsUsefulness8
9. Infradian RhythmsThe Menstrual cycleTrue or False
10. Menstrual cycle- T/FThe average age a girl starts having menstrual periods is between 11 and 14The average menstrual cycle is 28 days long.Day 1 on the menstrual cycle is when the women has a period.On average, ovulation occurs on day 14 (based on a 28 day cycle)The menstrual cycle is controlled solely by hormonesLow weight is correlated with early start of periodsThe most common cause of a missed period is taking prescription medicationWomen who spend a lot of time together will tend to have their menstrual cycles synchronize over time.
11. AnswersTrueTrueTrueTrue False- Exogenous factors too (Pheromones)False- Being over weight isFalse- PregnancyMaybe?
12. Research evidenceRead the findings on page 9Ground the evidenceRead the articleHighlight any agreement/disagreement to the studies
13. Starter mwbOutline one or more examples of Infradian rhythms. (4 marks)Check you have definitions for the following research if notFollicle stimulating hormoneOestrogen Luteinizing hormone Progesterone HCG Pheromones
14. Infradian rhythmsNature vs NurtureWhat research evidence is there for endogenous pacemakers (nature) in Infradian rhythms?What research evidence is there for exogenous zeitegebers (nurture) in Infradian rhythms?Which evidence is stronger?What does this suggest about the role of nature/nurture in Infradian rhythms?
15. DiscussHow could Infradian rhythms (menstrual cycle) be explained through the evolutionary approach?Consider- Synchronization by both other females and other males
16. Evolutionary advantageBentley (2000) believed that synchronisation between women living in close proximity would ensure that the women would conceive and give birth at similar times. This would be beneficial since they could share breast feeding, a behaviour observed in other species. McClintock (1971) found that women who work in a mostly male environment have shorter menstrual cycles. In the past this would be of evolutionary advantage since it would provide more opportunities for pregnancy.Add to wider evaluation
17. Determinism and Wider evaluationPremenstrual syndromePMS or Premenstrual syndrome is a disorder that affects many women during the week before menstruation begins. Symptoms can include acne, anxiety, depression, food cravings, fatigue, headaches, insomnia, water retention, mood swings and aggressionMs English was a woman who drove her car into her married lover after an argument, killing him. Her defence team used PMS as a legal defence and she was ultimately placed on Probation.This deterministic approach assumes she had no free will of her own or any control and therefore Mrs English should not be held liable for her actions.Discuss and identify two arguments for and two arguments against this viewpoint
18. IDAWrite a model IDA on the wallboardsNature vs NurtureDeterminismThe Evolutionary approachChoose one to Write up in packs
19. Nature of sleepPages 14 and 15P14 should be complete from homeworkHomework for next weekComplete P15 using the information in your packAll Biological rhythms & disruption to rhythms should be completeRevision for rhythms?
20. Exam Prep stationsYou will have 5 mins to complete the activity on your desk and then move onRevisePlanAssessAnalyseCreate
21. 1. Revise Complete the handout Support each otherTry not to use your pack
22. 2. PlanPlan an essay for the following essay titleDiscuss the role of endogenous pacemakers in the control of one biological rhythm ( 8 + 16 marks)
23. 3. AssessAssess the model answers without looking at a markscheme/ reportMark /8 - why? Two reasonsMark / 16 -why? Two reasons
24. 4. AnalyseDiscuss research into the disruption of biological rhymthms (e.g shift work/jet lag) 8 +16What are the main messages from the examiners report and markscheme?Create a list of tips for what students need to consider when answering the question
25. 5. CreateWrite down all the possible exam questions you could be asked on the followingCircadian RhythmsDisruption of Circadian RhythmsUltradian RhythmsInfradian Rhythms
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27. Answers