PDF-(BOOK)-Almost Human: The Astonishing Tale of Homo naledi and the Discovery That Changed

This firstperson narrative about an archaeological discovery is rewriting the story of human evolution A story of defiance and determination by a controversial scientist this is Lee Bergers own take on finding Homo naledi an allnew species on the human family tree and one of the greatest discoveries of the 21st centuryIn 2013 Berger a National Geographic ExplorerinResidence caught wind of a cache of bones in a hardtoreach underground cave in South Africa He put out a call around the world for petite collaboratorsmen and women small and adventurous enough to be able to squeeze through 8inch tunnels to reach a sunless cave 40 feet underground With this team of underground astronauts Berger made the discovery of a lifetime hundreds of prehistoric bones including entire skeletons of at least 15 individuals all perhaps two million years old Their features combined those of known prehominids like Lucy the famous Australopithecus with those more human than anything ever before seen in prehistoric remains Bergers team had discovered an all new species and they called it Homo nalediThe cave quickly proved to be the richest primitive hominid site ever discovered full of implications that shake the very foundation of how we define what makes us human Did this species come before during or after the emergence of Homo sapiens on our evolutionary tree How did the cave come to contain nothing but the remains of these individuals Did they bury their dead If so they must have had a level of selfknowledge including an awareness of death And yet those are the very characteristics used to define what makes us human Did an equally advanced species inhabit Earth with us or before us Berger does not hesitate to address all these questionsBerger is a charming and controversial figure and some colleagues question his interpretation of this and other finds But in these pages this charismatic and visionary paleontologist counters their arguments and tells his personal story a rich and readable narrative about science exploration and what it means to be human. However several new species of these hominin s are now recognized by some paleontologists eg H antecessor H heidelbergensis H helmei H neanderthalensis etc The entire group is referred to as late Homo which in turn can be broken down into three temp Optional Lecture Exam 4. Monday 6:00 PM. scantron. Today:. Human Evolution. Darwin’s Finches Survivor Game. Fossil Lab and Review. Class of 2011. CONGRATULATIONS GRADUATES!. Primate . and Human Evolution. 2 million years ago. Bipedal hominids with specialized teeth and expanded brains were walking around East Africa. Some made . artifacts. out of wood, stone, bone, and they used fire. Females played active roles. Chapters 34, 41, and 44. Go back! We f*#ked everything up. Humans and Apes. Homo sapiens . characteristics. Bipedal. Larger brains. Language. Symbolic thought. Artistic expression. Use complex tools. Divergent evolution- starts the same, then the differences add up. Divergent evolution in butterflies. Divergent evolution in butterflies. Human Taxonomy. Starts general, ends specific. Domain . Eukarya. Webquest. Evidence. 2. Where is . Hadar. and why is it significant. ? . Ethiopia, Africa; place of pilgrimage for those who wish to study where humans came from. 3. What is a hominid. ? . A creature that walks upright. Part 1: From ape-like ancestors to modern humans. Part 2: What makes us human? Evolution and adaptation in modern humans. How do scientists study human evolution? . HYPOTHESIS. Prediction. Observation. (13 billion years ago) The Big Bang. . Story of Physics . (nature and interaction of matter, energy, space, and time). (300, 000 years later) The first atoms formed. . Story of Chemistry . (nature and interaction of atoms and molecules). And Race. Problem:. A proverbial Martian anthropologist is given the task of. classifying the great apes. For simplicity these are the human,. chimpanzee, orangutan, and gorilla.. Which is the “odd species out?” . INTRODUCTION. Evolution is a gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex or better form.. Biological evolution is defined as organisms reproducing but experiencing changes with each generation. Evolution can happen in a small and large context. There are small genetic changes between generations, as well as large changes that happen over multiple generations.. A thrilling new account of human origins, as told by the paleontologist who led the most groundbreaking dig in recent history.Somewhere west of Munich, Madelaine Böhme and her colleagues dig for clues to the origins of humankind. What they discover is beyond anything they imagined: the fossilized bones of Danuvius guggenmosi ignite a global media frenzy. This ancient ancestor defies our knowledge of human history—his nearly twelve-million-year-old bones were not located in Africa—the so-called birthplace of humanity—but in Europe, and his features suggest we evolved much differently than scientists once believed.In prose that reads like a gripping detective novel, Ancient Bones interweaves the story of the dig that changed everything with the fascinating answer to a previously undecided and now pressing question: How, exactly, did we become human? Placing Böhme’s discovery alongside former theories of human evolution, the authors show how this remarkable find (and others in Eurasia) are forcing us to rethink the story we’ve been told about how we came to be, a story that has been our guiding narrative—until now. “Beyond has the exhilaration of a fine thriller, but it is vividly embedded in the historic tensions of the Cold War, and peopled by men and women brought sympathetically, and sometimes tragically, to life.”—Colin Thubron, author of Shadow of the Silk Road09.07 am. April 12, 1961. A top secret rocket site in the USSR. A young Russian sits inside a tiny capsule on top of the Soviet Union’s most powerful intercontinental ballistic missile—originally designed to carry a nuclear warhead—and blasts into the skies. His name is Yuri Gagarin. And he is about to make history. Travelling at almost 18,000 miles per hour—ten times faster than a rifle bullet—Gagarin circles the globe in just 106 minutes. From his windows he sees the earth as nobody has before, crossing a sunset and a sunrise, crossing oceans and continents, witnessing its beauty and its fragility. While his launch begins in total secrecy, within hours of his landing he has become a world celebrity – the first human to leave the planet. Beyond tells the thrilling story behind that epic flight on its 60th anniversary. It happened at the height of the Cold War as the US and USSR confronted each other across an Iron Curtain. Both superpowers took enormous risks to get a man into space first, the Americans in the full glare of the media, the Soviets under deep cover. Both trained their teams of astronauts to the edges of the endurable. In the end the race between them would come down to the wire.Drawing on extensive original research and the vivid testimony of eyewitnesses, many of whom have never spoken before, Stephen Walker unpacks secrets that were hidden for decades and takes the reader into the drama of one of humanity’s greatest adventures – to the scientists, engineers and political leaders on both sides, and above all to the American astronauts and their Soviet rivals battling for supremacy in the heavens.  1 Physical / Biological Anthropology Emergence o f Modern Human a nd Their Dispersal Paper No. : 01 Physical / Biological Anthropology Module : 09 Emergences of Modern Human and Dispersal Prof model specimens. Dan Reboussin, African Studies curator. George A. . Smathers. Libraries. The bones come from at least 15 individuals, says . John Hawks. , a paleoanthropologist from the University of Wisconsin, Madison who was on the team that studied the bones..