HW Review Translation Notes Stick People Lab Codon Bingo Mutations Notes QuizIzz Homework Transcription amp Translation Worksheet I can Describe the process of translation Explain the steps of the central dogma of biology ID: 930714
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Slide1
Agenda
Index Card QuestionHW ReviewTranslation NotesStick People LabCodon BingoMutations NotesQuizIzzHomework: Transcription & Translation Worksheet
I can…
Describe the process of translation
Explain the steps of the central dogma of biology
Translate codons to Amino Acids
Discuss the various types of mutations and their effects
Slide2Translation and Proteins
Slide3Protein ReviewWhat are the monomers of proteins?
How many different Amino Acids are there?What are the three parts of an Amino Acid?
Amino Acid
20
Amine Group
Carboxyl Group
R Group
Slide4TranslationmRNA is translated into a protein
(polypeptide), or a string of amino acids held together by peptide bondsPurpose: to make proteinsLocation: Cytoplasm
Slide5CodonAny three consecutive nucleotides on mRNACODES for an
amino acid. AUG= Start/MethionineUAA, UGA or UAG= StopAnticodon: complementary codon on tRNA
Slide6Translation - Initiation
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The ribosome binds to the mRNA cap and moves down the mRNA until the start codon (AUG) reaches the ribosome’s P site
Next the first
tRNA
(with the anti-codon UAC) will bind to the ribosome
Slide7A new tRNA molecule attaches to the ribosome in the A site
. This tRNA will pair with the next codon of mRNA.The ribosome will form a peptide bond between the amino acids attached to the first two tRNAs. Translation - Elongation
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Met= methionine
Peptide bond
met
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Slide8Once the bond is formed the ribosome will move over causing the tRNA to enter the ribosome’s E side and exit the ribosome.
Translation - ElongationImage 3 of 4
To be recharged
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Slide9Protein Synthesis
Slide10The ribosome will continue to move down the mRNA, adding amino acids to the growing string of amino acids until it reaches the stop
codon.No tRNA bonds to the ribosome and translation is over! The complex will come apart.
Translation - Termination
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AGC
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Slide11The ribosome will continue to move down the mRNA, adding amino acids to the growing string of amino acids until it reaches the stop
codon.No
tRNA bonds to the ribosome and translation is over! The complex will come apart.Translation - Termination
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AGC
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Box #4
Slide12Large Ribosomal Subunit (
rRNA
)
E Site
A Site
P Site
Small Ribosomal Subunit (
rRNA
)
tRNA
U A C
Translation Mechanism
MET
tRNA
U A U
A
U
G
A
C
C
A
U
A
G
C
A
U
G
A
A
U
G
A
U
C
A
U
G
U
ISO
MET
A
U
G
A
C
C
A
U
A
G
C
A
A
U
G
A
U
G
A
U
C
A
U
G
U
tRNA
U A U
tRNA
U A C
tRNA
G
G
G
PRO
mRNA
This process continues until a stop codon is reached, at which point the mRNA strand,
tRNA
units, and
rRNA
subunits are all released.
Start Codon (Methionine)
Slide13Agenda
Index Card QuestionHW ReviewTranslation NotesStick People LabCodon BingoMutations NotesQuizIzz
I can…
Describe the process of translation
Explain the steps of the central dogma of biology
Translate codons to Amino Acids
Discuss the various types of mutations and their effects
Slide14MutationsMutations can happen in two locations:Sex cells
: affect the offspringBody cells: affect the individual onlyMutations can have one of three affects:Those that cause a disease Those that are beneficialSilent mutations
: do not cause disease – most commonMutations can be one of two types:Point mutations: affecting single nucleotideChromosomal mutations
: affect section of or whole chromosome
Slide15Causes of MutationsMistakes in base paring
during DNA ReplicationDNA Polymerase can usually detect such errorsWhen missed, may cause many genetic disordersChemicals: like tobaccoCan lead to cancer because it changes the genes that regulate mitosis
Radiation: including UV (sun) and X-ray
Can lead to cancer because it changes the genes that regulate mitosis
Slide16Point Mutations1. SubstitutionOne nitrogen base
is substituted for anotherSickle Cell Anemia: substitute A for T
Slide17Point Mutations2. Deletions and insertions
When a nitrogen base is deleted or addedCauses a Frame shift mutations- because it moves the codon up or downChanges the sequence of amino acids
Slide18Mutation Expression
Silent: no change in original sequence of proteins. May occur from change in base that does not change codon, or to a codon that codes for the same Amino Acid
Slide19Missense: change in one DNA base pair that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another
Slide20Nonsense: change in on DNA base pair that results in premature stop codon
Rather than coding for an Amino Acid, the stop codon ends the production of the polypeptide chainResults in a shortened protein that may function improperly or not at all.Most severe outcome.