PDF-(DOWNLOAD)-Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding

Somewhere in Africa more than a million years ago a line of apes began to rear their young differently than their Great Ape ancestors From this new form of care came new ways of engaging and understanding each other How such singular human capacities evolved and how they have kept us alive for thousands of generations is the mystery revealed in this bold and wideranging new vision of human emotional evolutionMothers and Others finds the key in the primatologically unique length of human childhood If the young were to survive in a world of scarce food they needed to be cared for not only by their mothers but also by siblings aunts fathers friendsand with any luck grandmothers Out of this complicated and contingent form of childrearing Sarah Hrdy argues came the human capacity for understanding others Mothers and others teach us who will care and who will notFrom its opening vision of apes on a plane to descriptions of baby care among marmosets chimpanzees wolves and lions to explanations about why men in huntergatherer societies hunt together Mothers and Others is compellingly readable But it is also an intricately knit argument that ever since the Pleistocene it has taken a village to raise childrenand how that gave our ancient ancestors the first push on the path toward becoming emotionally modern human beings. Cash investments in Mutual Funds 1 SEBI vide circular no CIRIMDDF212012 dated September 13 2012 had permitted cash transaction in mutual funds to the extent of 20000 per investor per mutual fund per financial year 2 In partial modification to para I Elizabeth R Griffin Research Foundation. The Importance of Collaboration and Networking for Biosafety Associations. Understanding collaboration. .. Collaboration is independent entities working together in an effort of mutual interest.. . origins of biodiversity . Adaptations that allow organisms to exploit their . . environment. Self discovery. Keystone of biology (including human health). Lecture: HIV. Motivation. What can we learn when we apply evolutionary principles to our understanding of the . We are a Veterans Service Organization, established in 1928 and chartered by the United States Congress in 1984. American Gold Star Mothers continue to honor our sons and daughters through service -- service to veterans and patriotic events.. I Became the man I feared the most understanding the traumatic origins of violence & building compassionate responses. Our aims To acknowledge the presence of violence in the lives of people we work with (and in our own lives). Many of our questions about religion, says the internationally renowned anthropologist Pascal Boyer, were once mysteries, but they no longer are: we are beginning to know how to answer questions such as Why do people have religion? and Why is religion the way it is? Using findings from anthropology, cognitive science, linguistics, and evolutionary biology, Boyer shows how one of the most fascinating aspects of human consciousness is increasingly admissible to coherent, naturalistic explanation. And Man Creates God tells readers, for the first time, what religious feeling is really about, what it consists of, and how it originates. It is a beautifully written, very accessible book by an anthropologist who is highly respected on both sides of the Atlantic. As a scientific explanation for religious feeling, it is sure to arouse controversy. A cutting-edge exploration of the ancient roots of goodness in civilization, arguing that our genes have shaped societies for our welfare and that, in a feedback loop stretching back many thousands of years, societies have shaped, and are still shaping, our genes today. For too long, the scientific community has been overly focused on the dark side of our biological heritage: our capacity for violence, cruelty, prejudice, and self-interest. And in a world of increasing political and economic polarization, it\'s tempting to ignore the positive role of our evolutionary past. But natural selection has given us a suite of beneficial social features, including our capacity for love, friendship, cooperation, and learning. Beneath all our inventions -- our tools, agriculture, cities, nations -- we carry with us innate proclivities to make good societies. In Blueprint, Nicholas A. Christakis introduces the compelling and controversial idea that our genes affect not only our bodies and behaviors, but also the ways in which people everywhere make similar societies. With many vivid examples ranging from diverse historical and contemporary cultures, to societies formed in the wake of shipwrecks, online gaming communities thrown together by design, commune dwellers seeking utopia, and groups of people interacting with artificially intelligent bots, Christakis shows how we can never fully escape our social blueprint.Drawing on recent advances in social science, evolutionary biology, genetics, neuroscience, and network science, Blueprint shows how and why evolution has placed us on a humane path -- and why we are united by our common humanity far more than we are divided. Origins is an active learning tool designed for introductory biological and physical anthropology courses. It has 200 full-color cards, over 10 card types, and more than 5 ways to play, with two or more players. Topics covered include: Fundamentals, Genetics, Evolution and Variations, Primates, Origins and Transition, and Being Human. Constant exchange of information is integral to our societies. Jean-Louis Dessalles explores how this came into being. He develops a view of language as an instrument for conversation rather than mental representation and thought. Presenting language evolution as a natural history ofconversation, the author sheds light on the emergence of communication in the hominine congregations, as well as on the human nature. Adam Wilkins draws on studies of nonhuman species, the fossil record, genetics, and molecular and developmental biology to reconstruct the evolution of the human face and its inextricable link to our species’ evolving social complexity. The neural and muscular mechanisms that allowed facial expressions also led to speech, which is unique to humans. While those who study human origns now agree that the evolution of the modern human form extends back much further in time than originally thought, they disagree sharply as to how to interpret the substantive data. The purpose of this volume is to examine those conceptual differences and to explore the reasons why a consensus might never be possible. A powerful new theory of human nature suggests that our secret to success as a species is our unique friendlinessBrilliant, eye-opening, and absolutely inspiring--and a riveting read. Hare and Woods have written the perfect book for our time.--Cass R. Sunstein, author of How Change Happens and co-author of NudgeFor most of the approximately 300,000 years that Homo sapiens have existed, we have shared the planet with at least four other types of humans. All of these were smart, strong, and inventive. But around 50,000 years ago, Homo sapiens made a cognitive leap that gave us an edge over other species. What happened?Since Charles Darwin wrote about evolutionary fitness, the idea of fitness has been confused with physical strength, tactical brilliance, and aggression. In fact, what made us evolutionarily fit was a remarkable kind of friendliness, a virtuosic ability to coordinate and communicate with others that allowed us to achieve all the cultural and technical marvels in human history. Advancing what they call the self-domestication theory, Brian Hare, professor in the department of evolutionary anthropology and the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at Duke University and his wife, Vanessa Woods, a research scientist and award-winning journalist, shed light on the mysterious leap in human cognition that allowed Homo sapiens to thrive.But this gift for friendliness came at a cost. Just as a mother bear is most dangerous around her cubs, we are at our most dangerous when someone we love is threatened by an outsider. The threatening outsider is demoted to sub-human, fair game for our worst instincts. Hare\'s groundbreaking research, developed in close coordination with Richard Wrangham and Michael Tomasello, giants in the field of cognitive evolution, reveals that the same traits that make us the most tolerant species on the planet also make us the cruelest. Survival of the Friendliest offers us a new way to look at our cultural as well as cognitive evolution and sends a clear message: In order to survive and even to flourish, we need to expand our definition of who belongs. This is a detailed collation of the evolution, ecology and conservation of some of South America\'s least-known, and most endangered, primates. A cutting-edge exploration of the ancient roots of goodness in civilization, arguing that our genes have shaped societies for our welfare and that, in a feedback loop stretching back many thousands of years, societies have shaped, and are still shaping, our genes today. For too long, the scientific community has been overly focused on the dark side of our biological heritage: our capacity for violence, cruelty, prejudice, and self-interest. And in a world of increasing political and economic polarization, it\'s tempting to ignore the positive role of our evolutionary past. But natural selection has given us a suite of beneficial social features, including our capacity for love, friendship, cooperation, and learning. Beneath all our inventions -- our tools, agriculture, cities, nations -- we carry with us innate proclivities to make good societies. In Blueprint, Nicholas A. Christakis introduces the compelling and controversial idea that our genes affect not only our bodies and behaviors, but also the ways in which people everywhere make similar societies. With many vivid examples ranging from diverse historical and contemporary cultures, to societies formed in the wake of shipwrecks, online gaming communities thrown together by design, commune dwellers seeking utopia, and groups of people interacting with artificially intelligent bots, Christakis shows how we can never fully escape our social blueprint.Drawing on recent advances in social science, evolutionary biology, genetics, neuroscience, and network science, Blueprint shows how and why evolution has placed us on a humane path -- and why we are united by our common humanity far more than we are divided.