PDF-[DOWNLOAD]-Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance (Transformations:

The rise and fall of the Islamic scientific tradition and the relationship of Islamic science to European science during the RenaissanceThe Islamic scientific tradition has been described many times in accounts of Islamic civilization and general histories of science with most authors tracing its beginnings to the appropriation of ideas from other ancient civilizationsthe Greeks in particular In this thoughtprovoking and original book George Saliba argues that contrary to the generally accepted view the foundations of Islamic scientific thought were laid well before Greek sources were formally translated into Arabic in the ninth century Drawing on an account by the tenthcentury intellectual historian Ibn alNaidm that is ignored by most modern scholars Saliba suggests that early translations from mainly Persian and Greek sources outlining elementary scientific ideas for the use of government departments were the impetus for the development of the Islamic scientific tradition He argues further that there was an organic relationship between the Islamic scientific thought that developed in the later centuries and the science that came into being in Europe during the RenaissanceSaliba outlines the conventional accounts of Islamic science then discusses their shortcomings and proposes an alternate narrative Using astronomy as a template for tracing the progress of science in Islamic civilization Saliba demonstrates the originality of Islamic scientific thought He details the innovations including new mathematical tools made by the Islamic astronomers from the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries and offers evidence that Copernicus could have known of and drawn on their work Rather than viewing the rise and fall of Islamic science from the oftennarrated perspectives of politics and religion Saliba focuses on the scientific production itself and the complex social economic and intellectual conditions that made it possible. st. Century Emirate. David. . Dillin,. . VEDC. . Shahama. Curriculum Design for the 21. st. Century Emirati. David Graham Dillin. VEDC, . Shahama. david.dillin@iat.ae.ac. Golden Age revisited. Golden Age revisited. Ancient . Civilization . . Recreate the Past. !. WORLD HISTORY SEMESTER PROJECT. Mr. S. WNOROWSKI. ASSIGNED: . 12.01 . – DUE: 12.15. ENGAGE. Your . First . Fun Activity is to Explore. !. Choose your favorite piece of art from the Renaissance, . , values, beliefs, motivations and citizenship . in SSH:. paving. a . road. to . European. . Cultural. . Heritage. Gábor . Sonkoly. Eötvös. . Loránd. . University. , . Budapest. Contents. Main values in H2020 Work Programme from the perspective of SSH. Dr Julia McClure. A brief introduction to intellectual history. History of Ideas (Arthur Lovejoy and ‘unit-ideas’). Begriffsgeschichte.  (history of concepts). Intellectual History. Cambridge School (text in context). 157 Prior to and during the Second World War, the Japanese Army established programs of biological warfare throughout China and elsewhere. In these “factories of death,” including the now-infamous Unit 731, Japanese doctors and scientists conducted large numbers of vivisections and experiments on human beings, mostly Chinese nationals. However, as a result of complex historical factors including an American cover-up of the atrocities, Japanese denials, and inadequate responses from successive Chinese governments, justice has never been fully served. This volume brings together the contributions of a group of scholars from different countries and various academic disciplines. It examines Japan’s wartime medical atrocities and their postwar aftermath from a comparative perspective and inquires into perennial issues of historical memory, science, politics, society and ethics elicited by these rebarbative events. The volume’s central ethical claim is that the failure to bring justice to bear on the systematic abuse of medical research by Japanese military medical personnel more than six decades ago has had a profoundly retarding influence on the development and practice of medical and social ethics in all of East Asia. The book also includes an extensive annotated bibliography selected from relevant publications in Japanese, Chinese and English. Prior to and during the Second World War, the Japanese Army established programs of biological warfare throughout China and elsewhere. In these “factories of death,” including the now-infamous Unit 731, Japanese doctors and scientists conducted large numbers of vivisections and experiments on human beings, mostly Chinese nationals. However, as a result of complex historical factors including an American cover-up of the atrocities, Japanese denials, and inadequate responses from successive Chinese governments, justice has never been fully served. This volume brings together the contributions of a group of scholars from different countries and various academic disciplines. It examines Japan’s wartime medical atrocities and their postwar aftermath from a comparative perspective and inquires into perennial issues of historical memory, science, politics, society and ethics elicited by these rebarbative events. The volume’s central ethical claim is that the failure to bring justice to bear on the systematic abuse of medical research by Japanese military medical personnel more than six decades ago has had a profoundly retarding influence on the development and practice of medical and social ethics in all of East Asia. The book also includes an extensive annotated bibliography selected from relevant publications in Japanese, Chinese and English. Science and the Enlightenment is a general history of eighteenth-century science covering both the physical and life sciences. It places the scientific developments of the century in the cultural context of the Enlightenment and reveals the extent to which scientific ideas permeated the thought of the age. The book takes advantage of topical scholarship, which is rapidly changing our understanding of science during the eighteenth century. In particular it describes how science was organized into fields that were quite different from those we know today. Professor Hankins\'s work is a much needed addition to the literature on eighteenth-century science. His study is not technical it will be of interest to all students of the Enlightenment and the history of science, as well as to the general reader with some background in science. The evolution of a discipline at the intersection of physics, chemistry, and mathematics.Quantum chemistry--a discipline that is not quite physics, not quite chemistry, and not quite applied mathematics--emerged as a field of study in the 1920s. It was referred to by such terms as mathematical chemistry, subatomic theoretical chemistry, molecular quantum mechanics, and chemical physics until the community agreed on the designation of quantum chemistry. In Neither Physics Nor Chemistry, Kostas Gavroglu and Ana Simoes examine the evolution of quantum chemistry into an autonomous discipline, tracing its development from the publication of early papers in the 1920s to the dramatic changes brought about by the use of computers in the 1970s.The authors focus on the culture that emerged from the creative synthesis of the various traditions of chemistry, physics, and mathematics. They examine the concepts, practices, languages, and institutions of this new culture as well as the people who established it, from such pioneers as Walter Heitler and Fritz London, Linus Pauling, and Robert Sanderson Mulliken, to later figures including Charles Alfred Coulson, Raymond Daudel, and Per-Olov Lowdin. Throughout, the authors emphasize six themes: epistemic aspects and the dilemmas caused by multiple approaches social issues, including academic politics, the impact of textbooks, and the forging of alliances the contingencies that arose at every stage of the developments in quantum chemistry the changes in the field when computers were available to perform the extraordinarily cumbersome calculations required issues in the philosophy of science and different styles of reasoning. This introduction to the history of science in the seventeenth century examines the so-called \'scientific revolution\' in terms of the interplay between two major themes. The Platonic-Pythagorean tradition looked on nature in geometric terms with the conviction that the cosmos was constructed according to the principles of mathematical order, while the mechanical philosophy conceived of nature as a huge machine and sought to explain the hidden mechanisms behind phenomena. Pursuing different goals, these two movements of thought tended to conflict with each other, and more than the obviously mathematical sciences were affected - the influence spread as far as chemistry and the life sciences. As this book demonstrates, the full fruition of the scientific revolution required a resolution of the tension between the two dominant trends. Science and the Enlightenment is a general history of eighteenth-century science covering both the physical and life sciences. It places the scientific developments of the century in the cultural context of the Enlightenment and reveals the extent to which scientific ideas permeated the thought of the age. The book takes advantage of topical scholarship, which is rapidly changing our understanding of science during the eighteenth century. In particular it describes how science was organized into fields that were quite different from those we know today. Professor Hankins\'s work is a much needed addition to the literature on eighteenth-century science. His study is not technical it will be of interest to all students of the Enlightenment and the history of science, as well as to the general reader with some background in science. The evolution of a discipline at the intersection of physics, chemistry, and mathematics.Quantum chemistry--a discipline that is not quite physics, not quite chemistry, and not quite applied mathematics--emerged as a field of study in the 1920s. It was referred to by such terms as mathematical chemistry, subatomic theoretical chemistry, molecular quantum mechanics, and chemical physics until the community agreed on the designation of quantum chemistry. In Neither Physics Nor Chemistry, Kostas Gavroglu and Ana Simoes examine the evolution of quantum chemistry into an autonomous discipline, tracing its development from the publication of early papers in the 1920s to the dramatic changes brought about by the use of computers in the 1970s.The authors focus on the culture that emerged from the creative synthesis of the various traditions of chemistry, physics, and mathematics. They examine the concepts, practices, languages, and institutions of this new culture as well as the people who established it, from such pioneers as Walter Heitler and Fritz London, Linus Pauling, and Robert Sanderson Mulliken, to later figures including Charles Alfred Coulson, Raymond Daudel, and Per-Olov Lowdin. Throughout, the authors emphasize six themes: epistemic aspects and the dilemmas caused by multiple approaches social issues, including academic politics, the impact of textbooks, and the forging of alliances the contingencies that arose at every stage of the developments in quantum chemistry the changes in the field when computers were available to perform the extraordinarily cumbersome calculations required issues in the philosophy of science and different styles of reasoning. The rise and fall of the Islamic scientific tradition, and the relationship of Islamic science to European science during the Renaissance.The Islamic scientific tradition has been described many times in accounts of Islamic civilization and general histories of science, with most authors tracing its beginnings to the appropriation of ideas from other ancient civilizations--the Greeks in particular. In this thought-provoking and original book, George Saliba argues that, contrary to the generally accepted view, the foundations of Islamic scientific thought were laid well before Greek sources were formally translated into Arabic in the ninth century. Drawing on an account by the tenth-century intellectual historian Ibn al-Naidm that is ignored by most modern scholars, Saliba suggests that early translations from mainly Persian and Greek sources outlining elementary scientific ideas for the use of government departments were the impetus for the development of the Islamic scientific tradition. He argues further that there was an organic relationship between the Islamic scientific thought that developed in the later centuries and the science that came into being in Europe during the Renaissance.Saliba outlines the conventional accounts of Islamic science, then discusses their shortcomings and proposes an alternate narrative. Using astronomy as a template for tracing the progress of science in Islamic civilization, Saliba demonstrates the originality of Islamic scientific thought. He details the innovations (including new mathematical tools) made by the Islamic astronomers from the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries, and offers evidence that Copernicus could have known of and drawn on their work. Rather than viewing the rise and fall of Islamic science from the often-narrated perspectives of politics and religion, Saliba focuses on the scientific production itself and the complex social, economic, and intellectual conditions that made it possible. This introduction to the history of science in the seventeenth century examines the so-called \'scientific revolution\' in terms of the interplay between two major themes. The Platonic-Pythagorean tradition looked on nature in geometric terms with the conviction that the cosmos was constructed according to the principles of mathematical order, while the mechanical philosophy conceived of nature as a huge machine and sought to explain the hidden mechanisms behind phenomena. Pursuing different goals, these two movements of thought tended to conflict with each other, and more than the obviously mathematical sciences were affected - the influence spread as far as chemistry and the life sciences. As this book demonstrates, the full fruition of the scientific revolution required a resolution of the tension between the two dominant trends.