The Renaissance Period occurred from 14001600 The world of science advanced through the work of Galileo and Copernicus Christopher Columbus Sir Francis Duke Cortez Magellan and DeSoto ID: 692244
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Slide1
The RenaissanceSlide2
The Renaissance
The Renaissance Period occurred from
1400—1600.
The world of science advanced through the work of Galileo and Copernicus.
Christopher Columbus, Sir Francis Duke, Cortez, Magellan, and
DeSoto
were exploring the world.
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and William Shakespeare were on the scene.Slide3
Sacred Music
The sacred music of the Renaissance showed a natural outgrowth of plainsong.
The simple one line monophony or two-line polyphony was expanded to up to four different vocal parts, all of which were
equally
important.
The new vocal form was the
motet
. In this style, the music was more important than the text.Slide4
Josquin
des
Prez
Giovanni
Periluigi de PalestrinaSlide5
The Renaissance
The rise of the middle class occurred during the Renaissance.
The nobility no longer possessed all of the wealth.
People began moving to cities and attending plays and concerts.
In 1450, the printing press was invented. Sheet music was printed and readily available for everyone.
This was a huge change from previous times, when only the religious and the royalty possessed sheet music.Slide6
Instruments of the Renaissance
By 1600, popular music of the day was available across Europe.
The middle class commonly played recorder, guitar, and lute.
Composers began writing polyphonic pieces just for instruments.
These pieces were written to accompany dancing. Slide7
Instruments of the Renaissance
Recorders
and
viols
in all different sizes played together in groups called consorts.
Lutes
,
shawms, krummhorns, and small versions of trombones and trumpets were used in the Renaissance.Slide8Slide9
Secular Music
Madrigals
, songs for small groups of voices performed either with instrumental accompaniment or a
capella
, became the most popular form of secular music.
Madrigals were usually about love.
King Henry VIII of England was a fan of madrigals and had them sung at feasts and weddings.
They often consisted of verses with repeated choruses, much like the music of today!Slide10
Monophony and Polyphony
In the Early Middle Ages, monophonic music was the most common form of music.
M
onophony
--of a single unaccompanied melody.
The last six centuries of the Medieval Period allowed for the development of polyphony.
Polyphony
—more than one melody at the same time.Renaissance composers broadened the Medieval polyphony and used instruments to accompany vocal music.Slide11
Sacred Music
The most popular form of sacred music the
motet
.
Motet’s were generally polyphonic and written for chorus.
While there are a few secular motets, they are predominately sacred, but not specifically connected to the liturgy of the day.
This is different from plainsong of previous eras, which always were written for use in liturgy or the Mass.
Motets for 5 Voices--PalestrinaSlide12
Giovanni
Periluigi
de Palestrina
Italian composer and priest (1525—1594)
As a youth, he traveled the 20 miles from Palestrina, his home town, to Rome in order to be a choir boy.
Later in life, he had homes in both Rome and Palestrina. Slide13
Map from Palestrina to RomeSlide14
Giovanni Periluigi
de
Palestrina
In Rome, the Catholic Church was concerned about sacred music becoming too similar to secular music.
After considering banning music in the church altogether, the church asked Palestrina and other composers to write music for use in the church.
Palestrina composed 104 masses and 375 motets for use in the church. Slide15
Giovanni Periluigi
de
Palestrina
His musical life also included membership of the Sistine Choir in the Vatican.
He served many places as organist and choirmaster.
His tomb in the Church of St. Peter in Rome reads “Prince of Music”
Gloria from Pope Marcellus Mass—Palistrina
One of Palestrina's most famous Masses.Slide16
Josquin Des
Prez
French composer of the early Renaissance devoted his life (1440—1521) to writing sacred music.
By the time he began to compose, polyphony was common.
Josquin
learned how to compose from his teacher,
Johannes
Ockeghem.
Josquin
became a better polyphonic composer than his teacher by giving his own polyphonic music expression and flow.Slide17
Josquin des
Prez
Ave Maria—
Josquin
des
Prez
What do you hear? Slide18
Reformation
Around 1500, many people began to break away from the Roman Catholic Church.
This era was called
the Reformation
.
New Protestant church formed and had songs written for singing by the whole congregation, not just the choir.
This new
chorale style became the basis for many hymns that are still sung in churches today.Slide19
Andrea
Gabrieli
Giovanni
GabrieliSlide20
The Gabrielis
Andrea
Gabrieli
(1510—1586) and his nephew Giovanni
Gabrieli
(1556—1612) are famous for using instruments in sacred choral music.
Both served as organist at St. Mark’s Cathedral in Venice.
Before this time, all sacred music in church was sung a capella
. Slide21
The Gabrielis
They further experimented and developed sacred choral music by dividing singers into several choirs and placing them in different parts of the cathedral.
Having all of the choirs sing at the same time from their areas provided a stereo sound.
This is called
antiphonal music
.Slide22
O Magnum
Mysterium
—Giovanni
Gabrieli