General facts The younger generation Industries and uses Industries and uses 20 25 25 25 25 25 50 50 50 50 50 75 75 75 75 75 100 100 100 100 100 Final Jeopardy I OVERVIEW OF EPI DESIGN STRATEGIES ID: 929602
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Slide1
An Introduction to Lead
Slide2Lead in the human body
General factsThe younger generationIndustries and usesIndustries and uses 2.0252525252550505050507575757575100100100100100
Final Jeopardy
Slide3I. OVERVIEW OF EPI DESIGN STRATEGIES
Descriptive Studies- Populations -- ecologic, or correlational, studies- Individuals Case reports Case series Cross-sectional studiesAnalytical Studies- Observational Studies Case-control studies Cohort studies Retrospective Prospective- Intervention Studies (Clinical Trials)Lead in the human body 25 PointsQuestion: List two ways lead can enter the human body.Answer:InhalationDermalIngestion
Slide4Lead in the human body
50 PointsQuestion:High levels of blood lead poisoning have been shown to cause coma or death. What have low levels of blood lead poisoning been shown to cause?Answer:Behavioral problems (ADHD, learning disabilities, etc.)Cognitive problemsHypertensionOsteoporosis
Slide5Lead in the human body
75 PointsQuestion:Which of the following systems does exposure to lead affect?Answer:All of these systems. The brain, heart, bones, and kidneys are the most sensitive to lead exposure.NervousCardiovasculariii. Skeletaliv. Urinary
Slide6Lead in the human body
100 PointsQuestion:Coupled with malnourishment, which factors allow for greater absorption of lead into the human body?Answer:There is increased absorption if an individual has malnourishment coupled with either low calcium, low Vitamin D or anemia.
Slide7General facts about lead
25 PointsQuestion:What are the trends in lead poisoning and screening rates in the US over the past 20 years?Answer:Screening rates have increased while percent of individuals with eBLLs has decreased
Slide8General facts about lead
50 PointsQuestion:Name 3 of the main ways lead enters the environment.Answer:MiningIndustriesConsumer ProductsLeaded paintLead in gasoline
Slide9General facts about lead
75 PointsQuestion:According to scientific research, what is the lowest acceptable threshold for lead?Answer:None has been found as all amounts of lead affect the body.
Slide10General facts about lead
100 PointsQuestion:According to the CDC, what is the blood lead level threshold for determination of lead poisoning as of 2012?Answer: >5 μg/dL
Slide11Lead and the younger generation
25 PointsQuestion:Which portion of the population is particularly vulnerable to lead and why?Answer:Children – it has been shown to affect their brains and bodies causing lifelong health effects. When exposed to lead, 40% is absorbed by children while adults only absorb about 10%.If the answer is urban or ethnic minorities, that is also correct.
Slide12Lead and the younger
generation50 PointsQuestion:What is the most common source of lead exposure for children?Answer:Residual dust from leaded paint in pre-1978 housing stock
Slide13Lead and the younger generation
75 PointsQuestion:There is no treatment for lead poisoning. Thus, what is the main goal when responding to cases of childhood lead poisoning?Answer:Find and remove the source of lead exposure.
Slide14Lead and the younger generation
100 PointsQuestion:In the US, lead is prohibited in consumer products, but a number of cases every year still come from common consumer products. What is the source of these products?Answer:Importation – In 2013, imported makeup was found to cause lead poisoning in children in Kansas City, and other cases have occurred related to vinyl mini-blinds, painted toys, metal plated jewelry, etc.
Slide15Lead industries and uses of lead
25 PointsQuestion:How do lead industries, such as plastics or lead-acid batteries, release lead into the environment?Answer:Air or dust
Slide16Lead industries and uses of lead
50 PointsQuestion:What happened to the lead that was used in vehicles burning leaded gasoline?Answer:Roadside soil – lead does not migrate
Slide17Lead industries and uses of lead
75 PointsQuestion:For which transportation method is lead still used in gasoline?Answer:Airplanes
Slide18Lead industries and uses of lead
100 PointsQuestion:Lead co-occurs with many other minerals, and thus was released into the environment even if it was not the target. Name 2 of these minerals.Answer:SilverIronZincCopperMine in Cumbria, England.
Slide19Lead industries and uses of lead, 2.0
25 PointsQuestion:Before 1978, a majority of the houses in the US used leaded paint. Although it is banned today, pre-1978 houses still contain a large amount of lead paint, and it is seldom entirely removed. This is a process called full lead abatement. What is the main reason why lead paint is rarely completely removed from houses?Answer:Cost, it is approximately $40,000 for a full lead abatement
Slide20Lead industries and uses of lead, 2.0
50 PointsQuestion:Why was paint with lead preferred over latex-based paint?Answer:The paints did not break down as fast in UV light and thus lasted longer than non-lead paint. They were also antibacterial, anti-mold, and contained antifouling properties.
Slide21Lead industries and uses of lead, 2.0
75 PointsQuestion:In what year was lead banned from residential paint in the US due to health concerns?Answer:1978
Slide22Lead industries and uses of lead, 2.0
100 PointsQuestion:Why was tetraethyl lead originally added to gasoline?Answer:To improve engine performanceReduce knockingIncrease octaneBoost efficiency
Slide23Final Jeopardy!
Make your wagers.Question:When was the earliest known use of lead by humans?Answer:3500 BCE