PDF-[BOOK]-The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 2, Medieval Science

This volume in the highly respected Cambridge History of Science series is devoted to the history of science in the Middle Ages from the North Atlantic to the Indus Valley Medieval science was once universally dismissed as nonexistent and sometimes it still is This volume reveals the diversity of goals contexts and accomplishments in the study of nature during the Middle Ages Organized by topic and culture its essays by distinguished scholars offer the most comprehensive and uptodate history of medieval science currently available Intended to provide a balanced and inclusive treatment of the medieval world contributors consider scientific learning and advancement in the cultures associated with the Arabic Greek Latin and Hebrew languages Scientists historians and other curious readers will all gain a new appreciation for the study of nature during an era that is often misunderstood. Science and Learning in Medieval Islam and science. Seeking knowledge about the ‘He who pursues the road of knowledge, Allah will direct to the road of Paradise…’ (From Science in st. Century Emirate. David. . Dillin,. . VEDC. . Shahama. Curriculum Design for the 21. st. Century Emirati. David Graham Dillin. VEDC, . Shahama. david.dillin@iat.ae.ac. Golden Age revisited. Golden Age revisited. “. To improve the knowledge of . naturall. things, and all useful Arts, Manufactures, Mechanic practices, Engines and Inventions by Experiment. .”. Robert Hooke (1635-1703). Early History of Science and the Scientific Revolution. The newest volume in the beloved Science of Why series—full of fascinating science that will amuse and astonish readers of all ages.Have you wondered why you cringe when fingernails are scratched along a chalkboard? Or why some people are left-handed? Or if a shark can smell a drop of blood a mile away? Then you’re in luck! Bestselling author Jay Ingram is back to answer all those questions and more as he explores and explains the world around us in all of its head-scratching curiosity. From the smallest parts inside us to the biggest questions about our universe, Jay tackles pressing topics, such as: Could we use a laser to shoot an asteroid that was about to hit earth? What exactly was a dodo and why did it go extinct? What makes peppers spicy? Touching on everything from food to robots to space to the animal kingdom, The Science of Why 3 is perfect for anyone who has stayed up late into the night pondering the weird and wonderful world we live in. Full of captivating science questions (and answers!), this book is sure to surprise and delight science readers of all ages. Science and the Enlightenment is a general history of eighteenth-century science covering both the physical and life sciences. It places the scientific developments of the century in the cultural context of the Enlightenment and reveals the extent to which scientific ideas permeated the thought of the age. The book takes advantage of topical scholarship, which is rapidly changing our understanding of science during the eighteenth century. In particular it describes how science was organized into fields that were quite different from those we know today. Professor Hankins\'s work is a much needed addition to the literature on eighteenth-century science. His study is not technical it will be of interest to all students of the Enlightenment and the history of science, as well as to the general reader with some background in science. Presents an evolutionary theory of technological change based on recent scholarship in the history of technology and on relevant material drawn from economic history and anthropology. Challenges the popular notion that technological advances arise from the efforts of a few heroic individuals who produce a series of revolutionary inventions that owe little or nothing to the technological past. Therefore, the book\'s argument is shaped by analogies drawn selectively from the theory of organic evolution, and not from the theory and practice of political revolution. Three themes appear, with variations, throughout the study. The first is diversity: an acknowledgment of the vast numbers of different kinds of made things (artifacts) that long have been available to humanity. The second theme is necessity: the mistaken belief that humans are driven to invent new artifacts in order to meet basic biological needs such as food, shelter, and defense. And the third theme is technological evolution: an organic analogy that explains both the emergence of the novel artifacts and their subsequent selection by society for incorporation into its material life without invoking either biological necessity or technological process. This volume is a narrative and interpretive history of the physical and mathematical sciences from the early nineteenth century to the close of the twentieth century. Drawing upon the most recent methods and results in historical studies of science, the authors of over thirty chapters employ strategies from intellectual history, social history, and cultural studies to provide unusually wide-ranging and comprehensive insights into developments in the public culture, disciplinary organization, and cognitive content of the physical and mathematical sciences. This introduction to the history of science in the seventeenth century examines the so-called \'scientific revolution\' in terms of the interplay between two major themes. The Platonic-Pythagorean tradition looked on nature in geometric terms with the conviction that the cosmos was constructed according to the principles of mathematical order, while the mechanical philosophy conceived of nature as a huge machine and sought to explain the hidden mechanisms behind phenomena. Pursuing different goals, these two movements of thought tended to conflict with each other, and more than the obviously mathematical sciences were affected - the influence spread as far as chemistry and the life sciences. As this book demonstrates, the full fruition of the scientific revolution required a resolution of the tension between the two dominant trends. This volume offers to general and specialist readers alike the fullest and most complete survey of the development of science in the eighteenth century. It is designed to be read as both a narrative and an interpretation, and also to be used as a work of reference. While prime attention is paid to Western science, space is also given to science in traditional cultures and to colonial science. The contributors, world leaders in their respective specialties, engage with current historiographical and methodological controversies and strike out positions of their own. Science and the Enlightenment is a general history of eighteenth-century science covering both the physical and life sciences. It places the scientific developments of the century in the cultural context of the Enlightenment and reveals the extent to which scientific ideas permeated the thought of the age. The book takes advantage of topical scholarship, which is rapidly changing our understanding of science during the eighteenth century. In particular it describes how science was organized into fields that were quite different from those we know today. Professor Hankins\'s work is a much needed addition to the literature on eighteenth-century science. His study is not technical it will be of interest to all students of the Enlightenment and the history of science, as well as to the general reader with some background in science. This volume in the highly respected Cambridge History of Science series is devoted to the history of science in the Middle Ages from the North Atlantic to the Indus Valley. Medieval science was once universally dismissed as non-existent and sometimes it still is. This volume reveals the diversity of goals, contexts, and accomplishments in the study of nature during the Middle Ages. Organized by topic and culture, its essays by distinguished scholars offer the most comprehensive and up-to-date history of medieval science currently available. Intended to provide a balanced and inclusive treatment of the medieval world, contributors consider scientific learning and advancement in the cultures associated with the Arabic, Greek, Latin, and Hebrew languages. Scientists, historians, and other curious readers will all gain a new appreciation for the study of nature during an era that is often misunderstood. This volume is a narrative and interpretive history of the physical and mathematical sciences from the early nineteenth century to the close of the twentieth century. Drawing upon the most recent methods and results in historical studies of science, the authors of over thirty chapters employ strategies from intellectual history, social history, and cultural studies to provide unusually wide-ranging and comprehensive insights into developments in the public culture, disciplinary organization, and cognitive content of the physical and mathematical sciences. This introduction to the history of science in the seventeenth century examines the so-called \'scientific revolution\' in terms of the interplay between two major themes. The Platonic-Pythagorean tradition looked on nature in geometric terms with the conviction that the cosmos was constructed according to the principles of mathematical order, while the mechanical philosophy conceived of nature as a huge machine and sought to explain the hidden mechanisms behind phenomena. Pursuing different goals, these two movements of thought tended to conflict with each other, and more than the obviously mathematical sciences were affected - the influence spread as far as chemistry and the life sciences. As this book demonstrates, the full fruition of the scientific revolution required a resolution of the tension between the two dominant trends. This volume offers to general and specialist readers alike the fullest and most complete survey of the development of science in the eighteenth century. It is designed to be read as both a narrative and an interpretation, and also to be used as a work of reference. While prime attention is paid to Western science, space is also given to science in traditional cultures and to colonial science. The contributors, world leaders in their respective specialties, engage with current historiographical and methodological controversies and strike out positions of their own.