PREPARED BY DR Rosie B Visiting Pediatric ophthalmologist Opt Zubeda M DR Samson E MD 10 th March 2021 SPECTACLES WEARING IN KIDS MYTHS AND FACTS ID: 931579
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CME PRESENTATIONPREPARED BY DR. Rosie B (Visiting Pediatric ophthalmologist), Opt. Zubeda M DR. Samson E, MD10th March 2021
SPECTACLES WEARING IN KIDS: MYTHS AND FACTS
Slide2outlineIntroductionCommon childhood refractive errors
Common childhood ocular conditions, a child needs to wear glassesHow to measure and quantify Refractive errors in childhoodWhat happens if children don’t wear spectacles
Slide3IntroductionRefractive error; mean that the shape of the eye does not bend light correctly and hence leading to blurred vision or ocular strainingPediatric refractive errors are those refractive errors that might happen in the children, toddlers or infants
Slide4Cont….The human eye undergo the dramatic anatomical and physiological development through out infancy and childhood
Most of the growth of the eye takes place in the 1st yr of life, so the dealing with the pediatric age group should have great expertise in determining the refractive state
Slide5Cont…The clinician that encounter pediatric age group must be fully aware on impact of treatment on pediatric refractive errorsInappropriate refractive correction will impair child’s optical and neural development as a results a child will suffer life long optical probems
Slide6Common childhood refractive errorsMyopia (short sightedness)Hyperopia (long sightedness')Astigmatism
Slide7Common childhood ocular conditions, a child needs to wear glassesSquint (strabismus)Amblyopia (lazy eye) Myopia
Slide8Glasses in children under 6 in Sub Saharan AfricaSquint/strabismus 0.2%Amblyopia (poor vision development) 0.4%
Slide9Slide10Slide11Management of convergent squint
Check refraction and if hypermetropic, .give full correctionDO NOT
consider operating until outcome of
wearing full hypermetropic correction is
known
If
straight in glasses then
treatment is
glasses
, no surgery
If squint is less with glasses
– treatment is
surgery
to leave straight in glasses.
If glasses make no difference -
surgery
I
f
vision is reduced in non fixing eye – patch
eye with good vision to improve vision (this will not alter size of squint)
Slide12Myopia – short sightednessGood vision for readingPoor vision for distance objects - blackboard in school, TV
Slide135-15% of African school leavers are myopic
Slide1483% of school leavers in Singapore are myopic BUT lessSingapore children growing up in Australia have myopia
Slide15So, myopia is not all genetic, sometimes are acquiredLifestyle also
contributes to myopia eg. Indoor (working, watching TV ) prevention of acquired working and playing outdoor
Slide16Slide17How to measure and quantify Refractive errors in childhoodFirst of all through the Visual acuity can give us a
clue on whether a child is having a refractive error or not, but more accurate parameter is through refraction.There are two types of refraction a) Objective refraction b) Subjective refraction
Slide18Cont….Objective refraction This is done with a help of retinoscopy and it can be either dilated or undilated.
Subjective refraction This is a must for each and every child >6years
Slide19What happens if children don’t wear spectacles while were supposed to..
Normally this is going to result into a condition known as Amblyopia (lazy eye) where the visual pathway fails to develop or operate normally due to abnormalities caused by uncorrected refractive errors.
Slide20This occurs in an eye which has a higher degree of refractive error than the other without any ocular disease and is more in
hyperopia than myopia
Slide21Ambylopia is treated/ managed for children <6 years because if the eye continues to be amblyopic after that age the brain will shut down the eye and any treatment again such as surgery will
not work.
Slide22We can do:- =>Best refractive error correction =>Patching =>Early Surgery (if possible)
=>Vision therapy
Slide23WEAR SPECS AS PRESCRIBED
BY OPTOMETRIST/ A DOCTOR BE A SOURCE OF GOOD VISION TO OTHERS THE WORLD IS SO BEAUTIFUL
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