PDF-(DOWNLOAD)-Japan\'s Wartime Medical Atrocities: Comparative Inquiries in Science, History,

Prior to and during the Second World War the Japanese Army established programs of biological warfare throughout China and elsewhere In these factories of death including the nowinfamous Unit 731 Japanese doctors and scientists conducted large numbers of vivisections and experiments on human beings mostly Chinese nationals However as a result of complex historical factors including an American coverup of the atrocities Japanese denials and inadequate responses from successive Chinese governments justice has never been fully served This volume brings together the contributions of a group of scholars from different countries and various academic disciplines It examines Japans wartime medical atrocities and their postwar aftermath from a comparative perspective and inquires into perennial issues of historical memory science politics society and ethics elicited by these rebarbative events The volumes central ethical claim is that the failure to bring justice to bear on the systematic abuse of medical research by Japanese military medical personnel more than six decades ago has had a profoundly retarding influence on the development and practice of medical and social ethics in all of East Asia The book also includes an extensive annotated bibliography selected from relevant publications in Japanese Chinese and English. Meiji Restoration. 1868. Emperor “restored” to power. Creation of a modern nation state. Getting to Empire. Victory in Sino-Japanese War (1895). Getting to Empire. Victory in Sino-Japanese War (1895). 1. 1918-1932. Emerged from WWI with strong economy. Began making democratic reforms. Hit hard by the Depression. Military Dictatorship takes control. 2. Japanese Goals of the 1930’s. Revive economy hit by Depression. History. In 1959, Richard Feynman proposed an idea that we could manipulate things as small as atoms or molecules, we just do not have the ability to do so yet.. Said we should be able to create machines that can arrange or rearrange atoms and molecules however we want. Mikkal. E. . Herberg. Author. Mikkal. E. . Herberg. Research Director of NBR’s Energy Security Program, University of California. Senior lecturer on international and Asian energy, UCSD. Specialist on energy geopolitics and economics with a special focus on Asia. Purpose and A Purpose To ensure fair advertising and labeling practices and to improve such practices in terms of their quality so consumers interest may be protected, thereby contributing to the so Prior to and during the Second World War, the Japanese Army established programs of biological warfare throughout China and elsewhere. In these “factories of death,” including the now-infamous Unit 731, Japanese doctors and scientists conducted large numbers of vivisections and experiments on human beings, mostly Chinese nationals. However, as a result of complex historical factors including an American cover-up of the atrocities, Japanese denials, and inadequate responses from successive Chinese governments, justice has never been fully served. This volume brings together the contributions of a group of scholars from different countries and various academic disciplines. It examines Japan’s wartime medical atrocities and their postwar aftermath from a comparative perspective and inquires into perennial issues of historical memory, science, politics, society and ethics elicited by these rebarbative events. The volume’s central ethical claim is that the failure to bring justice to bear on the systematic abuse of medical research by Japanese military medical personnel more than six decades ago has had a profoundly retarding influence on the development and practice of medical and social ethics in all of East Asia. The book also includes an extensive annotated bibliography selected from relevant publications in Japanese, Chinese and English. The Cambridge World History of Medical Ethics is the first comprehensive scholarly account of the global history of medical ethics. Offering original interpretations of the field by leading bioethicists and historians of medicine, it will serve as the essential point of departure for future scholarship in the field. The volumes reconceptualize the history of medical ethics through the creation of new categories, including the life cycle discourses of religion, philosophy, and bioethics and the relationship between medical ethics and the state, which includes a historical reexamination of the ethics of apartheid, colonialism, communism, health policy, imperialism, militarism, Nazi medicine, Nazi medical ethics, and research ethics. Also included are the first global chronology of persons and texts the first concise biographies of major figures in medical ethics and the first comprehensive bibliography of the history of medical ethics. An extensive index guides readers to topics, texts, and proper names. In this book Paul Carrick charts the ancient Greek and Roman foundations of Western medical ethics. Surveying 1,500 years of pre-Christian medical moral history, Carrick applies insights from ancient medical ethics to developments in contemporary medicine such as advance directives, gene therapy, physician-assisted suicide, abortion, and surrogate motherhood. He discusses such timeless issues as the social status of the physician attitudes toward dying and death and the relationship of medicine to philosophy, religion, and popular mortality. Opinions of a wide range of ancient thinkers are consulted, including physicians, poets, philosophers, and patients. He also explores the puzzling question of Hippocrates\' identity, analyzing not only the Hippocratic Oath but also the Father of Medicine\'s lesser-known works. Accessible to both professionals and to those with little background in medical philosophy or ancient science, Carrick\'s book demonstrates that in the ancient world, as in our own postmodern age, physicians, philosophers, and patients embraced a diverse array of perspectives on the most fundamental questions of life and death. The evolution of a discipline at the intersection of physics, chemistry, and mathematics.Quantum chemistry--a discipline that is not quite physics, not quite chemistry, and not quite applied mathematics--emerged as a field of study in the 1920s. It was referred to by such terms as mathematical chemistry, subatomic theoretical chemistry, molecular quantum mechanics, and chemical physics until the community agreed on the designation of quantum chemistry. In Neither Physics Nor Chemistry, Kostas Gavroglu and Ana Simoes examine the evolution of quantum chemistry into an autonomous discipline, tracing its development from the publication of early papers in the 1920s to the dramatic changes brought about by the use of computers in the 1970s.The authors focus on the culture that emerged from the creative synthesis of the various traditions of chemistry, physics, and mathematics. They examine the concepts, practices, languages, and institutions of this new culture as well as the people who established it, from such pioneers as Walter Heitler and Fritz London, Linus Pauling, and Robert Sanderson Mulliken, to later figures including Charles Alfred Coulson, Raymond Daudel, and Per-Olov Lowdin. Throughout, the authors emphasize six themes: epistemic aspects and the dilemmas caused by multiple approaches social issues, including academic politics, the impact of textbooks, and the forging of alliances the contingencies that arose at every stage of the developments in quantum chemistry the changes in the field when computers were available to perform the extraordinarily cumbersome calculations required issues in the philosophy of science and different styles of reasoning. The rise and fall of the Islamic scientific tradition, and the relationship of Islamic science to European science during the Renaissance.The Islamic scientific tradition has been described many times in accounts of Islamic civilization and general histories of science, with most authors tracing its beginnings to the appropriation of ideas from other ancient civilizations--the Greeks in particular. In this thought-provoking and original book, George Saliba argues that, contrary to the generally accepted view, the foundations of Islamic scientific thought were laid well before Greek sources were formally translated into Arabic in the ninth century. Drawing on an account by the tenth-century intellectual historian Ibn al-Naidm that is ignored by most modern scholars, Saliba suggests that early translations from mainly Persian and Greek sources outlining elementary scientific ideas for the use of government departments were the impetus for the development of the Islamic scientific tradition. He argues further that there was an organic relationship between the Islamic scientific thought that developed in the later centuries and the science that came into being in Europe during the Renaissance.Saliba outlines the conventional accounts of Islamic science, then discusses their shortcomings and proposes an alternate narrative. Using astronomy as a template for tracing the progress of science in Islamic civilization, Saliba demonstrates the originality of Islamic scientific thought. He details the innovations (including new mathematical tools) made by the Islamic astronomers from the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries, and offers evidence that Copernicus could have known of and drawn on their work. Rather than viewing the rise and fall of Islamic science from the often-narrated perspectives of politics and religion, Saliba focuses on the scientific production itself and the complex social, economic, and intellectual conditions that made it possible. The evolution of a discipline at the intersection of physics, chemistry, and mathematics.Quantum chemistry--a discipline that is not quite physics, not quite chemistry, and not quite applied mathematics--emerged as a field of study in the 1920s. It was referred to by such terms as mathematical chemistry, subatomic theoretical chemistry, molecular quantum mechanics, and chemical physics until the community agreed on the designation of quantum chemistry. In Neither Physics Nor Chemistry, Kostas Gavroglu and Ana Simoes examine the evolution of quantum chemistry into an autonomous discipline, tracing its development from the publication of early papers in the 1920s to the dramatic changes brought about by the use of computers in the 1970s.The authors focus on the culture that emerged from the creative synthesis of the various traditions of chemistry, physics, and mathematics. They examine the concepts, practices, languages, and institutions of this new culture as well as the people who established it, from such pioneers as Walter Heitler and Fritz London, Linus Pauling, and Robert Sanderson Mulliken, to later figures including Charles Alfred Coulson, Raymond Daudel, and Per-Olov Lowdin. Throughout, the authors emphasize six themes: epistemic aspects and the dilemmas caused by multiple approaches social issues, including academic politics, the impact of textbooks, and the forging of alliances the contingencies that arose at every stage of the developments in quantum chemistry the changes in the field when computers were available to perform the extraordinarily cumbersome calculations required issues in the philosophy of science and different styles of reasoning. The rise and fall of the Islamic scientific tradition, and the relationship of Islamic science to European science during the Renaissance.The Islamic scientific tradition has been described many times in accounts of Islamic civilization and general histories of science, with most authors tracing its beginnings to the appropriation of ideas from other ancient civilizations--the Greeks in particular. In this thought-provoking and original book, George Saliba argues that, contrary to the generally accepted view, the foundations of Islamic scientific thought were laid well before Greek sources were formally translated into Arabic in the ninth century. Drawing on an account by the tenth-century intellectual historian Ibn al-Naidm that is ignored by most modern scholars, Saliba suggests that early translations from mainly Persian and Greek sources outlining elementary scientific ideas for the use of government departments were the impetus for the development of the Islamic scientific tradition. He argues further that there was an organic relationship between the Islamic scientific thought that developed in the later centuries and the science that came into being in Europe during the Renaissance.Saliba outlines the conventional accounts of Islamic science, then discusses their shortcomings and proposes an alternate narrative. Using astronomy as a template for tracing the progress of science in Islamic civilization, Saliba demonstrates the originality of Islamic scientific thought. He details the innovations (including new mathematical tools) made by the Islamic astronomers from the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries, and offers evidence that Copernicus could have known of and drawn on their work. Rather than viewing the rise and fall of Islamic science from the often-narrated perspectives of politics and religion, Saliba focuses on the scientific production itself and the complex social, economic, and intellectual conditions that made it possible. b.gesund@gmail.com. החולה הנוטה למות. Euthanasia - . Historical, Ethical & Jewish Aspects regarding the Legal Debate. Teaching . ). Jewish. (. Medical Ethics. MB, YBB. Talmud. E. uthanasia . Batch 28. What Is Medical Ethics, and Why Is It Important?. Medical ethics involves examining a specific problem, usually a clinical case, and using values, facts, and logic to decide what the best course of action should be. .