th Grade Health MrS eggler What is an STI S exually T ransmitted I nfection They are no longer called an STD because not all of sexually transmitted diseases are noncurable Thats why they are deemed an STI because infections are curable and noncurable ID: 935099
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Slide1
STI’s & HIV/AIDS
9
th
Grade Health
MrS
.
eggler
Slide2What is an STI?
S
exually
T
ransmitted
I
nfection
They are no longer called an “STD” because not all of sexually transmitted diseases are non-curable. That’s why they are deemed an “STI” because infections are curable and non-curable.
Slide32 Types of STI’s
Bacterial
A.K.A. curable
Viral
A.k.a. non-curable
Slide4Chlamydia
Also know as “the clam”
a
common
STI
that can infect both men and
women
It
can cause serious, permanent damage to a woman's reproductive system, making it difficult or impossible for her to get pregnant later
on
can
also cause a potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy
(
pregnancy that occurs outside the womb
)
Slide5How is chlamydia spread?
You
can get chlamydia by having anal, vaginal, or oral sex with someone who has
chlamydia
A male
sex partner
can
still
transmit
chlamydia even if he does not
ejaculate
.
If you’ve had chlamydia and were treated in the past, you can still get infected again if you have unprotected sex with someone who has chlamydia.
Slide6How do I know if I have chlamydia?
Most
people who have chlamydia have no symptoms.
If
you do have symptoms, they may not appear until several weeks after you have sex with an
infected
partner.
Even
when chlamydia causes no symptoms, it can damage
a women’s reproductive
system.
Slide7Symptoms
Women
with symptoms may
notice:
An abnormal vaginal
discharge
A
burning
sensation when
urinating
Symptoms in
men
can
include:
A discharge from their
penis
A burning sensation when
urinating
Pain and swelling in one or both testicles
(although this is less common
)
Slide8Symptoms
Men and women can also get infected with chlamydia in their rectum, either by having
anal
sex, or by spread from another infected site (such as the vagina
)
While
these infections often cause no symptoms, they can
cause:
Rectal
pain
Discharge
Bleeding
Slide9Can chlamydia be cured?
Yes!
chlamydia
can be cured with the right
treatment
It
is important that you take all of the medication your doctor prescribes to cure your
infection
When
taken properly it will stop the infection and could decrease your chances of having complications later
on
Medication
for chlamydia should not be shared with anyone.
Slide10What happens if I don't get treated?
The initial damage that chlamydia causes often goes unnoticed.
However
, chlamydia can lead to serious health problems
.
Slide11If you are a woman . . .
Untreated
chlamydia can spread to your uterus and fallopian
tubes causing Pelvic inflammatory disease (
PID
).
PID:
often has no symptoms,
may
have abdominal and pelvic
pain
can
cause permanent damage to your reproductive system and lead to
ECTPOIC
PREGNANCy
Slide12If You’re a man . . .
Men rarely have health problems linked to chlamydia.
Infection
sometimes spreads to the tube that carries sperm from the testicles, causing pain and fever.
Rarely
, chlamydia can prevent a man from being able to have children.
Slide13chlamydia
If it’s left untreated , it increases your chances of getting or giving HIV . . .
Slide14chlamydia
Slide15Trichomonaisis
a very common
STI
caused
by infection with a protozoan parasite
most
women and men who have the parasite cannot tell they are infected
.
most common curable
STI
In the
Us
, an estimated 3.7 million people have the
infection
only
about 30% develop any
symptoms
Slide16Trichomonaisis
parasite passes
from an infected person to an uninfected person during sex.
In
women, the most commonly
infection:
lower
genital tract (vulva, vagina, or
urethra).
in
men, the most commonly
infection:
inside
of the penis (urethra).
During
sex,
it’s transmitted
from a penis to a vagina, or from a vagina to a
penis
.
Slide17trichomoniasis
not
common for the parasite to infect other body parts, like the hands, mouth, or anus.
some
people
Get
symptoms while others do
not.
Infected
people without symptoms can still pass the infection on to others.
Slide18trichomoniasis
symptoms
can range from mild irritation to severe inflammation.
Some
people with symptoms get them within 5 to 28 days after being
infected
others
do not develop symptoms until much later.
Symptoms
can come and go.
Slide19trichomoniasis
Men’s Symptoms:
-itching
or irritation inside the
penis
-burning
after urination
-Burning after ejaculation
-Discharge
from the penis.
Women’s Symptoms
-itching
-burning
-redness or soreness of the genitals
-discomfort with urination
-discharge with an unusual smell that can be clear, white, yellowish, or greenish.
Slide20trichomoniasis
Slide21Pubic lice
Also called crab lice or "
crabs"
pubic
lice are parasitic insects found
in
the
pubic/genital
area of
humans
Pubic
lice infestation is found worldwide and occurs in all races, ethnic groups, and levels of society.
Slide22Pubic Lice
Pubic lice have three forms:
-
the
egg (also called a nit
)
-the nymph
-the adult
Slide23Pubic Lice
Pubic
lice usually are found in the genital area on pubic
hair
occasionally
be found on other coarse body hair, such as hair on the legs, armpits, mustache, beard, eyebrows, or
eyelashes
Lice
found on the
head
are head lice,
not
pubic lice.
Slide24Pubic Lice
Slide25gonorrhea
A.K.A., The clap
an
sti
that can infect both men and women.
It
can cause infections in the genitals, rectum, and
throat
very
common
infection among people
ages 15-24 years.
Slide26gonorrhea
Can
get
it
by having anal, vaginal, or oral sex with someone who
is already infected
A
pregnant woman
with
gonorrhea can
give the infection to
her
baby
during
childbirth
.
Slide27gonorrhea
Men’s Symptoms:
no symptoms at all.
A
burning sensation when
urinating
A white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis;
Painful or swollen
testicles
Women’s Symptoms:
no symptoms at all
Symptoms may be mistaken for a UTI
at risk of developing serious complications from the infection
A
burning sensation when
urinating
Increased
vaginal
discharge
Vaginal
bleeding between
periods
Slide28gonorrhea
Untreated gonorrhea
can cause serious and permanent health problems in both women and
men
In Women: PID
In
men:
-painful
condition in the tubes attached to the
testicles
-infertility
-gonorrhea
can also spread to
blood
or
joints
(can
be
life-threatening)
Slide29gonorrhea
Slide30Syphilis
http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=I9O-LXs7Yz4
can
cause long-term complications and/or death if not treated
correctly
Symptoms
in adults are divided into stages.
4 stages: primary
, secondary, latent,
and late
syphilis.
Slide31syphilis
Spread by
direct contact with a syphilis sore during anal, vaginal, or oral
sex
Sores
can be found on the penis, vagina, anus, in the rectum, or on the lips and in the
mouth
spread from infected mother to unborn baby
An infected baby may be born without signs or symptoms of disease.
Untreated
babies can have health problems such as cataracts, deafness, or seizures, and can die.
Slide32syphilis
Syphilis has been called ‘the great imitator’ because it has so many possible
symptoms
The
painless
syphilis sore that you would get after you are first infected
can be confused for an ingrown hair, zipper cut, or other seemingly harmless
bump
The
non-itchy
body rash that develops during the second stage of syphilis
can show up on the palms of your hands and soles of your feet, all over your
body
Slide33syphilis
Any sexually active person can get syphilis through unprotected anal, vaginal, or oral
sex
You
should get tested regularly for syphilis if you are pregnant, are a
man who has sex with men,
have HIV infection, and/or have partner(s) who have tested positive for syphilis.
Slide34syphilis
Primary
Stage:
you
may notice a single
sore or multiple sores
The
sore is the location where syphilis entered your
body
The
sore is usually firm, round, and painless.
Sore Can lasts
3 to 6 weeks and heals regardless of whether or not you receive
treatment
Even
though the sore goes away, you must still receive treatment so your infection does not move to the secondary stage.
Slide35syphilis
Secondary
Stage:
This stage usually starts with a rash on one or more areas of your
body such as
your mouth, vagina, or
anus
The
rash can show up when your primary sore is healing or several weeks after the sore has
healed
can
look like rough, red, or reddish brown spots on the palms of your hands and/or the bottoms of your
feet
usually
won’t itch and
sometimes you
won’t notice it.
Other
symptoms
: fever
, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, and fatigue
The
symptoms from this stage will go away whether or not you receive treatment. Without the right treatment, your infection will move to the latent and possibly late stages of syphilis.
Slide36syphilis
Latent and Late
Stages:
The latent stage of syphilis begins when all of the symptoms you had earlier
disappear
Most
people with untreated syphilis do not develop late stage syphilis. However, when it does happen it is very serious and would occur 10–30 years after your infection
began
Symptoms
of the late stage of syphilis include difficulty coordinating your muscle movements,
paralysis, numbness
, blindness, and dementia
In
the late stages of syphilis, the disease damages your internal organs and can result in death.
Slide37syphilis
syphilis can be cured with the right
antibiotics
However
, treatment will not undo any damage that the infection has already done.
Slide38syphilis
Slide39Human papilloma virus
A.K.A. . . . HPV!
(Genital)
human
papillomavirus
VERY common STI
more
than 40 HPV types that can infect the genital areas of males and
females
can
also infect the mouth and
throat
Most
people who become infected with HPV do not know they have
it
not
the same as herpes or HIV
These
are all viruses that can be passed on during
sex (Anal, oral, or vaginal)
but they cause different symptoms and health problems.
Slide40HPV
is
passed on through genital contact, most often during vaginal and anal
sex
can
have HPV even if years have passed since he or she had sexual contact with an infected
person
Most
infected persons do not realize they are infected or that they are passing the virus on to a sex
partner
It
is also possible to get more than one type of HPV.
Slide41HPV
Very rarely, a pregnant woman with genital HPV can pass HPV to her baby during
delivery
the
child can develop
recurrent respiratory
papillomatosis
(
RRP)
a
rare condition in which warts grow in the throat. In children, this is also referred to as
juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory
papillomatosis
(JORRP).
Slide42HPV
Most people
do
not develop symptoms or health problems from
it
90
% of cases, the body’s immune system clears HPV within two
years
there
is no way to know which people who get HPV will go on to develop health
problems
Sometimes, certain types of HPV can cause genital warts in males and females.
Rarely
, these types can also cause warts in the throat -- a condition called recurrent respiratory
papillomatosis
(RRP)
Slide43hpv
Other HPV types can cause normal cells in the body to turn
abnormal
HPV leading to cancer:
Cervical cancer
other
, less common
cancers:
vulva
Vagina
Penis
Anus
Oropharnx
(back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils)
Slide44HPV
Most common disease associated with HPV:
Genital warts:
small
bump or groups of bumps in the genital
area
be
small or large, raised or flat, or shaped like a
cauliflower
can
appear within weeks or months after sexual contact with an infected
partner
If
left untreated, genital warts might go away, remain unchanged, or increase in size or
number
will
not turn into
cancer
Slide45HPV
HPV
vaccines, a
series of three shots over
3-6
months
2
vaccines
(
Cervarix
and Gardasil)
protect against cervical cancers in women.
1
vaccine (Gardasil) also protects against genital warts and cancers of the anus, vagina and vulva. Both vaccines are available for females.
Only
Gardasil is available for males.
HPV vaccines offer the best protection to girls and boys who receive all three vaccine doses
recommended
for preteen girls and boys at age 11 or 12 years.
Slide46Genital HERPES
an
STI
caused by two types of
viruses:
herpes
simplex type 1 and herpes simplex type 2
Slide47Genital HERPES
In the
U.S.,
about
1out
of every
6
people
ages 14-49
years have genital herpes
.
You can get herpes by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the disease
.
Slide48Genital HERPES
Fluids found in a herpes sore carry the virus, and contact with those fluids can cause infection.
You
can also get herpes from an infected sex partner who does not have a visible sore or who may not know he or she is infected because the virus can be released through your skin and spread the infection to your sex partner(s).
Slide49Genital HERPES
If you are pregnant and have genital herpes, it is even more important for you to go to prenatal care visits.
You
need to tell your doctor if you have ever had symptoms of, been exposed to, or been diagnosed with genital herpes.
Sometimes
genital herpes infection can lead to miscarriage.
It
can also make it more likely for you to deliver your baby too early
.
Herpes
infection can be passed from you to your unborn child and cause a potentially deadly infection (neonatal herpes).
Slide50Genital HERPES
If
you are pregnant and have genital herpes, you may be offered herpes medicine towards the end of your pregnancy to reduce the risk of having any symptoms and passing the disease to your baby.
At
the time of delivery your doctor should carefully examine you for symptoms. If you have herpes symptoms at delivery, a ‘C-section’ is usually performed.
Slide51Genital herpes
Most
people who have herpes have no, or very mild symptoms.
you
may mistake them for another skin condition, such as a pimple or ingrown hair.
Genital
herpes sores usually appear as one or more blisters on or around the genitals, rectum or mouth.
The
blisters break and leave painful sores that may take weeks to
heal: “having
an outbreak.”
The
first time someone has an outbreak they may also have flu-like symptoms such as fever, body aches, or swollen glands.
Slide52Genital herpes
Repeat outbreaks of genital herpes are common, especially during the first year after infection.
Repeat
outbreaks are usually shorter and less severe than the first outbreak.
You
should be examined by your doctor if you notice any of these
symptoms: an
unusual sore, a smelly discharge, burning when urinating, or, for women specifically, bleeding between periods.
Slide53Genital Herpes
There is no cure for herpes.
However
, there are medicines that can prevent or shorten outbreaks.
Slide54Genital herpes
Genital herpes can cause painful genital sores and can be severe in people with suppressed immune systems.
If
you touch your sores or the fluids from the sores, you may transfer herpes to another part of your body, such as your eyes.
If
you touch the sores or fluids, immediately wash your hands thoroughly to help avoid spreading your infection.
Slide55Hiv
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=EqlyEYOI754
H
human
I
Immunodeficiency
V
virus
Slide56HIV
A member of
the retrovirus family
Retrovirus: an
RNA (ribonucleic
acid)
RNA
is very similar to DNA [Deoxyribonucleic acid], but differs
RNA
is usually single-stranded,
DNA
is usually
double-stranded virus
Slide57HIV
Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer
of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculatory fluid, or breast milk
HIV
infects the immune cells
HIV
primarily infects vital cells in
the human immune
sysyem
:
helper T-Cells
falls
below 200 hundred is a sign of infection
)
Body
becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections
Slide58HIV
An
opportunistic infection
is an infection caused
by pathogens
that usually do not cause disease in a
healthy immune system
A compromised immune system
presents an "opportunity" for the pathogen to infect
Eventually most HIV-infected individuals
develop AIDS
Slide59HIV
Without treatment, about 9 out of every 10 persons with HIV will progress to AIDS after 10–15
years
Many
progress much
sooner
Treatment
with anti-
retrovirals
increases the life expectancy of people infected with
HIV
Even
after HIV has progressed to diagnosable AIDS, the average survival time with antiretroviral therapy (as of 2005) is estimated to be more than 5
years
Without
antiretroviral therapy (a.k.a., anti-HIV, anti-AIDS, antiviral drugs, ARVs) death normally occurs within
1
year
Slide60aids
A
acquired
I
Immuno
-
D
-deficiency
S
syndrome
Slide61aids
Retrovirus
Transmission:
anal, vaginal
or
oral sex
blood transmission
contaminated needles
exchange
between mother and baby
during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding
other
exposure to one of the above bodily
fluids
Slide62aids
AIDS is now
a pandemic
PANDEMIC:
When
an epidemic affects many areas of the world at the same time as it did during the 1918 Flu Epidemic.
EPIDEMIC:
An
unusually high occurrence of a disease in a certain place during a certain time period.
In
2007, it was estimated that 33.2 million people lived with the disease
worldwide
AIDS
had killed an estimated 2.1 million people, including 330,000 children
Slide63Credits . . .
Center for disease
control
http://www.cdc.gov
/