S aro EMTB BS DC DICCP P h C hon OPIMs PPE All Fluids are infectious until proven otherwise Be mindful of your surrounding safety amp Awareness Routes of transmission ID: 774597
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Slide1
HIV and AIDS
Andrew
De
S
aro
, EMT-B, BS,
DC
, DICCP,
P
h
C
(hon
)
Slide2OPIM’sPPEAll Fluids are infectious until proven otherwiseBe mindful of your surrounding
safety & Awareness
Slide3Routes of transmission
Contact – most common
Direct - indirect
Droplet – coughing, talking, sneezing
Air – small particulates (TB or Varicella)
Food – Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria
Vector – fleas, mosquitoes, birds, & rodents
Slide4Airborne pathogens
Influenza
1-3 days incubation
Swine & Avian
Tuberculosis
6 weeks to show positive
Meningitis
2-10 days
Pertussis
a
vg
9-10 days (6-20)
SARS
a
pprox
3-10 days
Slide5Airborne pathogens
Measles
avg
14 days (7-21)
Mumps
14-25 day
range
Rubella
avg
14 days (12-23)
Varicella
2-3 weeks
Slide6Blood Borne Pathogens
Hepatitis – A, B, & C
HIV
Slide7RetrovirusIncapable of ReproductionHIV to AIDS ControversyHIV vs AIDS
What is HIV?
Slide8Slide9HIV History
1
st
HIV case 1959
1
st
US HIV case 1981
(CDC)
1
st
Time CDC uses AIDS
1982
1
st
FDA Approved Home Test 2002
2016:
36.7 mill have HIV worldwide
1 mill AIDS-related Illness Deaths
2017:
20.9 mill getting antiretroviral
therapy (AZT or HAART)
Slide10Sexual Intercourse with infected partnerPregnancy, Childbirth, & BreastfeedingSharing Needles with infected persons
Transmission
Slide11How HIV is NOT Transmitted
Through the Air – coughing or sneezing
Through Food or Water
Through Sweat or Tears
Sharing Cups, Plates, or Utensils
Touching, Hugging, or Kissing
Living with an Infected Person
Sharing Clothes or Shaking Hands
Sharing Toilets and Bathrooms
Vectors – mosquitoes, fleas or other insects
Slide12FatigueNight SweatsSudden Weight LossReoccurring InfectionsCancer
Signs and Symptoms
Slide13Clinical Findings
Endocrinologic ManifestationsSkin ManifestationsGynecologic ManifestationsHIV-Related MalignanciesKaposi’s sarcomanon-Hodgkin’s lymphomaPrimary Brain lymphomaInvasive cervical carcinoma
Slide14Slide15Differential Diagnosis
Essentials of Diagnosis
Risk Factors
Systemic Complaints
Opportunistic Infections
Aggressive cancers
Neurologic manifestations
Slide16Confirmation of HIV Infection
Positive HIV Test
Repeatedly positive ELISA – 2 or more
Western Blot
the final confirmation
Positive 10-14 days after HIV infection
most within 3-4 weeks
Symptom onset usually 2-3 weeks for 80-90% of infected patients.
Monitor CD4+ & HIV RNA assay
(standard viral load test)
Slide17Pathogenesis
3 phases
Primary (Acute) Phase
Latent Phase
Early HIV infection
Intermediate HIV infection
Chronic Phase
Late HIV infection
AIDs
CD4+ T cells drop below 200 cells per µL
Slide18Pathophysiology
Immediate Th1 and Th2 response
Autoimmunity
Immunodeficiency
Neurological Dysfunction
Slide19Incident ReportTesting PeriodEmployee file concerning exposureRecord KeepingWorker Comp.Counseling
Documentation
Slide20Something else to think about:
"Have you more faith in a spoonful of medicine than in the power that animates the living world?"
BJ Palmer