Defining Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV A virus that attacks the bodies immune system HIV is attracted to white blood cells called CD4s It invades the WBC and reproduces millions of viral strands within a mere day Then the WBC dies leaving the body without a form of defense to fight off ID: 731637
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Slide1
Understanding HIV and AIDS Slide2
Defining Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
A virus that attacks the bodies immune system. HIV is attracted to white blood cells called CD4s. It invades the WBC and reproduces millions of viral strands within a mere day. Then the WBC dies leaving the body without a form of defense to fight off other viruses, infections, bacteria, cancers, etc. Slide3
Is HIV and AIDS the same thing?
NO!Slide4
Defining Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
AIDS is caused by HIV. It is the last stage of the HIV infection.
When the immune system becomes so weak that it can no longer defend the body against any pathogen whether normal intestinal bacteria or external bacteria, viruses, cancer, parasites, etc. These are called opportunistic infections which do not make healthy people sick.Slide5
FACTS:
AIDS was first reported in the United States in 1981 and has since become a major worldwide epidemic. More than 830,000 cases of AIDS have been reported in the U.S. since 1981. As many as 950,000 Americans may be infected with HIV, 25% of whom are unaware of their infection. The epidemic is growing rapidly among minority populations and is the leading killer in African-American males age 25-44. Slide6
How is HIV Transmitted?
Unprotected sexual relationships
with an infected partner.
Contact with infected blood.
Needle sharing/Needle sticks
Pregnancy/birth/breast milk transmission from mother to baby.
Blood/Blood Component transfusions
prior to 1985.Slide7
Unprotected Sexual Contact with an Infected Partner!
The virus can enter the body through the lining of the vagina, female external genitalia, penis, rectum or mouth during sex.Slide8
Contact with Infected Blood
This includes all scenarios relating to the cross contamination of blood.
Example: Touching another person’s blood without gloves and having open sore on your hand. Slide9
Needle Sharing & Needle Sticks
Frequently spread among injection drug users by sharing of needles or syringes contaminated with very small quantities of blood from someone infected with HIV.
Rarely spread by accidental sticks with contaminated needles or other medical instruments.Slide10
Pregnancy/Birth/Breast Milk Transmission from Mother to Baby.
Approximately 25%-33% of all untreated pregnant women infected with HIV will pass the infection to their babies.
If the mother is treated with AZT (antiretroviral drug for HIV) and deliver Cesarean section, the chances of the baby being infected can be reduced to a rate of 1%. WOW!!Slide11
Blood/Blood Components Transfusions prior to 1985
Before 1985 blood was not screened for evidence of HIV infection.
Before heat treating techniques to destroy HIV in blood products were introduced.
EXTREMELY SMALL RISK NOW
due to screening and heat treatment. The tests are more than 99% accurate now(ARC, 1998).Slide12
Summary of HIV Transmission?
Blood
Sexual Contact
BirthSlide13
Fluids that are not currently known to spread HIV, UNLESS THEY CONTAIN VISIBLE BLOOD!
Feces
Nasal Secretions
Saliva
Sweat
Tears
Urine
VomitSlide14
YOU CAN NOT GET HIV FROM:
Coughing, sneezing or spitting.
Eating foods prepared or served by someone else.
Drinking fountains.
Toilets or showers.
Chairs, desks, pencils or paper.
Computers and other classroom equipment.
Playground equipment and swimming pools
Mosquitoes or other insects
Social kisses or hugs.Slide15
HIV CAN INFECT ANYONE WHO PRACTICES RISKY BEHAVIORS!!
Sharing drug needles or syringes.
Having sexual contact with an infected person person without using a CONDOM.
Having sexual contact with someone whose HIV status is unknown (25% do not know they are infected). Slide16
SYMPTOMS OF HIV
Many people do not have any symptoms when they first become infected with HIV.
Some do have flu-like illness within a month or two after exposure to the virus.Slide17
SYMPTOMS OF HIV: FLU-LIKE ILLNESS
Fever
Headache
Tiredness
Enlarged lymph glands (glands in the immune system easily felt in the neck and groin)Slide18
LENGTH OF SYMPTOMS
Usually the symptoms will disappear within a week to a month and are mistakes for those of a viral infection.
More persistent or severe symptoms may not appear for 10 years.Slide19
Other Symptoms Experienced Months to Years Before the Onset of AIDS.
Lack of energy
Weight loss
Frequent fever and sweats
Persistent or frequent yeast infections (oral or vaginal)
Persistent skin rashes or flaky skin
Pelvic inflammatory disease in women that is not responding to treatment
Short-term memory lossSlide20
When does a person have AIDS?
A term that applies to the most advanced form of HIV infection.
CDC defines this as being HIV
+ and have a white blood cell (CD4 + T cells) of 200 or less per cubic millimeter of blood (Healthy adults have approximately 1,000 or more).
The HIV + person will also have one of the 26 clinical conditions or opportunistic infections that affect people with advanced HIV infection.Slide21
Children with AIDS
Children with AIDS get the same symptoms as adults with additional severe forms of bacterial infections like conjunctivitis (pink eye), ear infections and tonsillitis.Slide22
What are Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)/
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)?
STDs/STIs are pathogens transmitted through sexual relationships.
Such as
chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis, herpes,
warts(human papilloma virus) and hepatitis.Slide23
Are West Virginia Children at Risk for HIV/AIDS/STDs?
Look for yourself.Slide24Slide25
WOW!
A total of
54.1%
of West Virginia children in grades 9
th
-12
th
have experienced sexual intercourse. The lower grades are increasing in sexual intercourse statistics.
This puts them at risk for HIV/AIDS/STDs. Slide26
CDC REPORTS
ON HIV/AIDSSlide27Slide28Slide29Slide30Slide31Slide32Slide33Slide34
2009
West Virginia
Youth Risk Behavior Survey
(YRBS)
View on line at the following address:
http://wvde.state.wv.us/healthyschools/YRBS.htm
.Slide35
How does West Virginia Compare to National Statistics?Slide36
West Virginia Ages
<13 and 13-24 in 2010
with HIV/AIDS
(source: BPH HIV/AIDS Program)
Age
< 13
y.o
.=
<5
(1%)
13-24
y.o
. =
14 (17%)Slide37
WV Statistics on HIV/AIDS based Race
and
Gender
– 2006 - 2010
(Source: BPH HIV/AIDS Program)
Race
Caucasian=1,781
(
74%)
African
American=646
(
23%)
Multiple Race=10 (<1%)
Other=<5 (1%)
Gender
Male=1,980
(
79%)
Female=516 (21%)Slide38
Risk Behaviors for WV population with HIV/AIDS
2006 - 2010
(Source: BPH HIV/AIDS Program)
Perinatal
Perinatal
= 14 (1%)
Other (unknown)= 215 (17%)
Adolescent/Adult (Total=1228)
Men who have sex with Men (MSM
)=792
(
55%)
Injection Drug Use (IDU
)=287 (8%)
Heterosexual
Contact=273
(
17%)Slide39
Prevention is equivalent to:
Education
+
Goal Setting/Decision Making
+
Student Advocacy/Self Management
+
Positive Youth Development
+
Assets (School and Community)Slide40
Note the TRENDS!
Help STOP the transmission of HIV/AIDS in our
youth and young adults!Slide41
HIV AND THE LAWSlide42
West Virginia Law
West Virginia Code
§18-2-9
Required Courses of Instruction-requires health education in grades six through twelve to educate on the prevention, transmission and spread of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and other sexually transmitted diseases. Allows for parents and guardians to examine the course curriculum requirements and materials. The parent or guardian may exempt the child from participation in such instruction in giving written notice to the school principle.
West Virginia §18-5-15d
Requires
AIDS
in-service training programs for all school personnel with encouraged attendance of parents.
Slide43
West Virginia Board of Education
Policy
Policy
2520.5
(*Now open for public comment)
Health Education Content Standards Objectives
Policy
2423, Communicable Disease
. Communicable Disease in-services
are
required
every 2 years for all school personnel with emphasis on
HIV/AIDS
.
Slide44
Health Education
Content Standards of Learning
Policy
2520.5
(*Now open for public comment)Slide45
Health Education
Content Standards of Learning
K-12
Policy 2520.5
Standard 1: Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (HE.S.1)
Students will:
comprehend concepts related to health promotion and disease prevention.
Standard 2: Health Information and Services (HE.S.2)
Students will:
demonstrate the ability to access valid health information and health-promoting products and services.
Standard 3: Health Behaviors (HE.S.3)
Students will:
demonstrate the ability to practice health-enhancing behaviors and reduce health risks.Slide46
Health Education
Content Standards of Learning
Standard 4: Culture, Media, and Technology (HE.S.4)
Students will:
analyze the influence of culture, media, technology, and other factors on health.
Standard 5: Communication (HE.S.5)
Students will:
demonstrate the ability to use interpersonal communication skills to enhance health.
Standard 6: Goal Setting and Decision Making (HE.S.6)
Students will:
demonstrate the ability to use goal-setting and decision-making skills to enhance health.
Standard 7: Advocacy (HE.S.7)
Students will:
demonstrate the ability to advocate for personal, family, and community health.Slide47
“Do what you can do with what you have where you are”.
by
Theodore RooseveltSlide48
THANK YOU!!