Anomalies of Conceptus Embryopathy Suffering of conceptus from various diseases The harmful effect on developing conceptus occurs during 014 1435 amp fetal stage from 35 days onward ID: 933015
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Slide1
Accident of gestation
Slide2Developmental
Anomalies of Conceptus
Embryopathy
- Suffering of
conceptus
from various diseases.
The harmful effect on developing
conceptus
occurs during 0-14, 14-35 &
fetal
stage from 35 days onward
Zona-pellucida
–effective
barier
to protect early embryo or up to 9 days post fertilization from viral infection
Embryo- growth & differentiation of cells are maximum.
Germs cells –arranges into layer
Organogenesis- start in orderly sequences under control of gene.
Slide3Cont
.
Genetic defect-Heredity or mutation or some extraneous
teratogens
including viruses may interfere the biochemical reaction in the developing fetus----------lead to an aberration in the development in the intrauterine life
Placental
Blastostatin
A
sustance
from endometrial secretion of Pig inhibits the synthesis of DNA in 16 day old
trophoblast
and cause embryonic death
Slide4Viral Diseases
The
myxovirus
, herpes virus,
picorna virus and rubella infection -------------teratogenic
in mammal
In farm animals- viruses of BT in sheep, swine
fever,IBR,BVD
, Equine
rhinopneumonitis
, equine
arteritis
Viral infection ------changes in chromosome of
fetus
BVD ---------------
Occular
defect,
cerebellar
dysplacia
, hydrocephalus, impairment in immunological competence
BT in pregnant cows ---------------- abortion, still birth
prognathia
,
hydroencephaly
dummy calf syndrome etc.
Slide5Adverse effect of
teratogens on organogenesis
Improper differentiation of
Palate
CerebellumUrogenital system Death of
fetus
followed
resorption
and mummification
When aberration is of less severe Structural deformity in fetus lead to dystocia, still birth and birth of stunted offspring
Slide6Placental development fatal growth ; Nutrition
Unequal placental contact with endometrium-------- un equal size of equine twins , Sow and bitch
Slide7Role of hormone on development of
conceptusP4 & E2 in early pregnancyPlacental weight- estrogens production
Insulin &
cortsone
influence the metabolic activityDeffiency of Insulin and cortisone in early phase of fetal development --------adversely affect the growth and development of conceptusConclusion – common genital malformation are influenced by a variety of etiological factors and are primarily dependant on genetic make-up of fetus and the dam
Slide8Chromosomal abnormality
Karyotype
- Numerical and morphological feature of chromosomes
Ovarian
aplasia or dygenesis
--- Turners syndrome (absence of sex chromosomes)
eg
Ovarian
hypoplasia
Extra Sex chromosome (XXY)-----Testicular
aplasia & absence of secondary sexual character. Very rare in
bull,ram
, boar and dogs
Chromosomal Translocation---------reduced fertility & embryonic death
Irradiation of pregnant
cows,ewes,sows
and goat between 15-34 of pregnancy causes skeletal defects in their
progenny
.
Slide9Inherited defects
Atresia
ani
Scrotal and
umblical
hernia
C left palate
Malformation of skeleton and internal organ
Cryptorchidism
Testicular
hypoplasia
Hermaphroditism
Segmental uterine
hypoplasia
in pig
Slide10Cont
Bull dog calve
Mummification
Congenital Dropsy in
ayrshiresAnchylosed
or muscle contracture monsters
Prolonged gestation
Hydrocephalus in all breed
Cryptorchidisim
Ovarian and testicular
hypoplasiaSegmental
aplasia
of
wolffian
duct and
Mularian
duct called white heifer diseases
Scrotal and inguinal hernia
Sperm defect in Friesian
Slide11Common developmental abnormality in bovine
Schistoma
reflexus
: Ruminant and Swine Visible sign of abnormality : Angulation
of vertebral Column of
fetus
; Incomplete chest and abdominal cavity
Cause: Genetic transmission from bull to offspring
Persomus
elumbis
: Ruminant and Swine
Visible signs of abnormality :
Hypoplasia
or
aplasia
of spinal chord of
fetus
in thoracic region ; loss of joint movement ; rigidity of posterior limb ; atrophy of
musscles
Double monster: Ruminant and Swine
Visible sign of abnormality; Anterior duplication is very common
Rectovaginal
constriction
Slide12Abortion and causes of infertility in farm animals
Abortion: expulsion of living
fetus
prior to attainment of viable age/dead
fetus of recognisable size at any stage of gestation from the gravid uterus of the dam
Premature birth of immature viable
fetuses
is called premature birth
Dead
fetus expelled at term are called still birth
Slide13Causes
Non- Infectious
Infectious
Physical
Genetic
Environmental
Bacterial
Mycotic
Protozoal
Viral
Mineral and Vitamin
difficiency
toxic
Hormonal
Slide14Bacterial-
Brucellla; Leptospira; mycobacterium; V.fetus; Streptococcus; Diplococcus; E coli;
Alkaligenes
;
Pseudomonus; C. PyogenesViral- IBR; IVP; Epizootic bovine abotion (Chlamydia)Mycotic- Aspergillus; yeast
Protozoa-
Trichomonus
fetus
; Toxoplasmosis; Trypnosomiasis; Anaplasmosis and Babesia
Infectious
Slide15Non-Infectious
Nutritional- Starvations; malnutrition; Vit A difficiency; Iodine deficiencyPhysical causes-Accidental insemination in
preg
uterus; rupture of amniotic
vessicles; Trauma to embryo; removal of CL and torsionGenetic causes
Slide16Brucellosis in cattle
The diseases brucellosis in cattle also called Contagious or infectious abortion or Bang disease
Etilogy
- Br.
Abortus; The organisms grow intracellular
B.
abortus
is mainly infective for cattle. The other animal also get infected are Sheep; goat; dog; Swine and horse
Site
Founded in
chorion of placenta in the pregnant animal and produces severe pathologic changes like necrosis and edema
and also in the digestive tract and lungs of
fetus
It remains as persistent infections in
udder,suprsmammary
gland, retropharyngeal,
limph
nodes of adult cattle
Joint and Bursa
In testes,
Epididymis,V
.
differenia
, and seminal Vesicle
Slide17Transmission
By purchase of infected cow
Infected material from one farm to other
Contact of infected animal
Ingestation of the feeds and water contaminated by genital discharge of infected animalAI with infected semen
Slide18Sign and Symptoms of diseases
Abortion usually takes place from 6th
to 9
th
month of pregnancyUdder development and oedema of vulvaeFetal membrane is found to be edematus, haemorrhagic, leathery and even necroticRFM and metritis are common symptoms